Changing Nature of Human Resource Management - 1782 Words

CHANGING NATURE OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENTdlskjfljggglrkhytojurkjly,hm,lfgh Nature of human resource management: Human resource management is a field that has evolved a great deal since its beginnings about 1990.it began as a primarily clerical operations concerned with payroll, employee records, and arranging community visits. HR activities: HR management is composed of several groups if interlinked activities taking place within the context of the organization. A brief overview of seven HR activities is as follows: * HR Planning and Analysis Through HR planning, managers attempt to anticipate forces that will influence the future supply of and demand for employees. Employees must be appropriately motivated and be willing to stay†¦show more content†¦Ideally, HR professionals should be strategic contributors, operationally efficient and cost effective. Strategic role for HR: These include enhancing organizational performance, involvement in strategic planning, decision making, mergers and acquisitions and downsizing and ensuring financial accounts for HR results. Ethical behavior is crucial in HR Management and a number if HR ethical issues are regularly being faced by HR professionals. HR as a career field requires maintaining current knowledge in HR management. Professional certification has grown in importance for HR generalist and specialists. STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: Strategic human resource management: Organizational use of employees to gain or keep a competitive advantage against competitors. Human resource as a core competency: Some ways through which human resource become a core competency are through attracting and retaining employees with unique professional and technical capabilities, investing in training and development of those employees and compensating them in ways that retain and keep them competitive with counterparts in other organization. Organizational strategies based on human resource: People can be a core competency when they have special capabilities to make decisions and be innovative in ways that competitors can not easily imitate. Possible HR areas for core competencies: innovation UnusualShow MoreRelatedLimitations to Hr Planning1743 Words   |  7 Pages | Question: Examine the limitation to Human Resource Planning. What you advocate as the measures for dealing with identified limitations? Definition of Human Resource Management It is proposed that we take human resource management to be that part of management concerned with: All the decisions, strategies, factors, principles, operations, practices, functions, activities and methods related to the management of people as employees in any type of organisation (includingRead MoreEssay on Preparing for a Career in Hr1335 Words   |  6 PagesPreparing for a career in HR Intro to Human Resources Management Preparing for a career in HR Human resources or HR is a demanding career that requires specialized training. Human Resources can be very high in its growth potential but the growth prospect, just like any other profession, depends on the ability of the person concerned. HR professionals manage a business’ employees, job candidates and work rules. They also conduct interviews, hire employees, fire employees, and manage employee’sRead MoreProject Management And The Changing Psychological Contract812 Words   |  4 PagesPROJECT MANAGEMENT AND THE CHANGING PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT Dainty et al. (2004) explored the nature and content of psychological contract amongst key management group in construction industry in the UK. Psychological contract is defined by Rousseau (1995, p.9) as â€Å"individual beliefs, shaped by the organization, regarding terms of an exchange agreement between individual and their organization†. They are informal, unwritten mutual expectation of input and subsequent output in employment relationshipRead MoreHuman Resource Management And Organizational Goals1587 Words   |  7 Pagespast two decades, where the best-intentioned human resource processes attempting to align human resource practices with organisational goals have become mismatched. Due to external factors such as globalization, advances in technology and changing views regarding the importance of human resources as a competitive advantage for organisations, the nature of work has been redefined (Horwitz, Heng, Quazi, 2003). This has caused human resource management t o become more than just a function, but a strategicRead MoreHuman Resource Management : An Optimizing Role For Shaping Organizational And Employee Behavior Essay1576 Words   |  7 PagesThe primary function of Human Resource Management is increasing the effectiveness and contribution of employees in the attainment of organization’s goals and objectives. For attaining the goals of the organization, the employees need to work effectively and perform at their best. To get appropriate outcome, the human resource department considers aspects like, equal employment opportunity, affirmative action, human resource planning, recruitment and selection, human resource development, compensationRead MoreHuman Resource Management933 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resource Planning Definition: Human Resources Planning is defined as the process of assessing an organization’s human resources needs in the light of organizational goals and changing condition and making plans to ensure that a competent, stable workforce is employed. The actual planning process will vary a great deal from organization to organization As defined by Bulla and Scott (1994), human resource planning is ‘the process for ensuring that the human resource requirements of anRead MoreEssay The Challenge of Developing Successful Leaders 1237 Words   |  5 Pagesorganizations fail to cultivate the human resources that they already have because; they are unaware of their employees’ potential, they have not implemented a program for mentoring and development, or they may not have the funds to invest in training and development to further their employees’ capabilities. The Society for Human Resources relates that â€Å"developing the next generation of corporate leaders† is one of the major concerns of the majority of human resource executives (â€Å"Future HR ChallengesRead MoreChanges Of The Human Resource Environment Essay1732 Words   |  7 Pages CHANGES IN THE HUMAN RESOURCE ENVIRONMENT by Sushant Uppal Course Title Professor (Tutor) The Name of the School (University) The City and State where it is located The Date Factors Contributing to the Changing Human Resource (HR) Environment and their Effects HR environment just like business environment is changing, and there are five factors which are involved in the environmental change of HR (Academy of Human Resource Development 2002). These are: 1. diversifying in Work force 2. ShiftingRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management : A Field Evolved Over The Years1316 Words   |  6 Pages Strategic Human Resource Management Reynaldo Navarro University of the Southwest â€Æ' How has strategic human resource management as a field evolved over the years? What are the practices that are likely to bring forth better performance with regards to strategic human resource management? Strategic human resource management deals with strategies used by business enterprises and companies as means of the improving and measuring performance. It is important to understand these strategiesRead MoreHuman Resource Planning and Development Leads to Success Essay examples1396 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Resource Planning and Development: Human resource development is a concept that has existed even before the 1980s and has played an important role in the success, growth, and development of organizations. The emergence of this concept can be attributed to the establishment of apprenticeship programs in the 18th Century (Werner DeSimone, 2011, p.5). The significance of human resource development in today’s business environment is attributed to its role in organizational profitability.

The Apostle Paul s Writing - 884 Words

Biblical Worldview Essay Introduction In the Apostle Paul’s writing in Romans, there is a biblical outlook of creation, he also states that humanity’s identity originated in God, and that God made man in His own image. Paul also expounds on man’s relationship with God as well as with other creations, and on culture. Paul reveals God’s love for mankind, man’s sinful condition, resulting in him rightly deserving the penalty of death, God’s amazing grace and his plan of redemption. The Natural World 150-200 In Genesis 1:1-25, the natural world was spoken into being by God the Father (Creator) and He stated â€Å"all that He created was good† (Genesis 1:31). Romans 1:20-21 states â€Å"For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his eternal power and Godhead; so that they are without excuse† God’s purpose for creating the natural world was a demonstration of His existence, His glory, His supremacy. His love, His goodness, His grace, and His wisdom (Psalm 19:1; 8:1; 50:6; 89:5) and all that the Creator, created, is to worship and glorify Him. Within the natural world, it was God’s will for man to subdue and take dominion of the earth. However, the natural world is full of darkness the people worship that which is created but deny and ignore the Creator. Human Identity Every human being was made in the image of God the Creator (Genesis 1:27) but man sinned against God. (Genesis 1:28) Paul remindsShow MoreRelatedThe Paul Of The Apostle Paul1502 Words   |  7 PagesTHE APOSTLE PAUL Whatever tales may have spun out of the antiquity of time, Jesus was not the initiator of Christianity as we know it. The division between Jews and Christians did not begin with the death of Christ. Indeed, many of his teachings have been lost forever for none of his disciples ever wrote a single word down. Although this religion, established solidly upon this man, does not even regard Jesus in most of the New Testament (Collier). The man behind the curtain, the usurper, and dividerRead Morepeter and paul1272 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Nickesha Larmond Paul and Peter Background information about Paul Paul whose name was Saul was an early Christian missionary and theologian, known as the Apostle to the Gentiles was born a Jew in Tarsus, Rome. As a minor, he was trained as a rabbi but earned his living as a tentmaker. A zealous Pharisee, he persecuted the first Christians until a vision of Jesus, experienced while on the road to Damascus, converted him to Christianity. Three years later he met St. Peter and Jesus brotherRead MoreThe Foundation Of Orthodoxy And The Canon1188 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstood that Jesus was the main influence. Our Christian Orthodox founder is Jesus and His word. After Jesus’s death and resurrection he promised the Apostles that the Holy Spirit would guide them in their missionary tasks. As promised, the beginnings of Jesus deity began to a new growth and height of worshipers. The Age of the Apostles began the shaping of our New Testament Cannon in our affirmation of the deity of Jesus and how we can confirm that He is the Savior. Mor eover, for many yearsRead MoreBackground . The Book Of Acts Or The Acts Of The Apostles1523 Words   |  7 PagesBackground The Book of Acts or the Acts of the Apostles is also referred to as the Book of the Holy Spirit or just the Acts of the Holy Spirit because of the numerous cases it portrays the work of the Holy Spirits. Acts present the work of the Holy Spirit as the life line of the Church. It is important to remember that, in the previous gospel books, Jesus had lived, Jesus had died, and he had risen and ascended to heaven. At the time of his ascension, Jesus promised to send the helper; the HolyRead MoreAnalyzing Titus 1 A Pastoral Epistle Written By Apostle Paul1741 Words   |  7 Pagesto convey what was expected of the early church leaders and how those expectations can relate to modern leaders. I will analyze Titus 1 a Pastoral Epistle written by Apostle Paul through the process of Social and Cultural Texture analysis. Then, the analysis will explore the virtue and ethical leadership ideas of the Apostle Paul. Lastly, this paper will highlight how the ethical concepts are applicable to mo dern leadership practices. Social and Cultural Texture Analysis The Social and CulturalRead MoreThe Nature Of The Christian Mission1601 Words   |  7 PagesChristian mission is not being based on the difficulty of man, but humanity-denying to self and following the example Jesus has left us. The Apostle Paul is an excellent example of one who carried out the Christian mission. He deprives himself, picked up his cross and follows Jesus even unto his death. The book of Acts calls it Paul missionary journeys. Paul demonstrated the foundation of missionary service. He was theologically in harmony with God’s redemptive plan as he follows Jesus. He utteredRead MoreBiography Of Paul And The Reasons For His Letters1598 Words   |  7 PagesI chose to write my exegetical paper on Philippians 3:12-21. Before writing this paper I was not entirely familiar with the life of Paul and the reasons for his letters. It was an interesting study once I understood the background and reasoning for Paul’s writings. Paul wrote Philippians while in priso n. His priority was always on the advancement of Christ. He was completely unconcerned about his lack of comfort or the situation he was in while in prison. His thoughts were solely on the cause ofRead MoreThe Foundation Of Orthodoxy And The Canon1484 Words   |  6 Pagescanon. This is further explained in Brevard S. Childs book, The New Testament as Canon. Childs has experience in research on this topic. Therefore, the credibility is strong. Childs defines canon as: A fixed body of sacred literature which the early church once designated as normative . . . a particular theological construal of the tradition which it provided to the literature by means of the shape and intertextuality it formed within the collection of writings. [or] Finally, the term includes the interpretiveRead MoreWomen and the 1st Century Jesus Movement Essay1501 Words   |  7 Pages There are no known writings that chronicle the life of Jesus or his teachings during his lifetime; rather there is an accumulation of written sources that arose decades after his death (Seat 8/25). Originally, Jesus’ teachings were passed down orally, but eventually, Christians began to write down the oral traditions decades later after his death, specifically after the destruction of the Jewish Temple in 70CE (Seat 8/25). As a result, it is important to note that there is a time discrepancyRead MoreThe Paper Is Centered On The Discussion Of The New Testament1657 Words   |  7 Pagesnot just who the author is, but to whom is the author speaking too? The letter or epistle, what unique style shows that the author is original or a pseudo author writing in the same style as the original author. Any similarities of the writing style and content and or context will also identify the author. The main style of writing that will be discussed, can be classified as the Hellenistic style that was prevalent during the time of Christ. This style consisted of three main structures, Opening

Enhanced Reading Instructions Essay Free Essays

Differentiated Instructional demand of pupils makes it imperative for a instructor to be after out her direction in little groups and separate reading Centres to give pupils ample pattern. Teachers form little flexible groups of pupils. meeting twice or thrice a hebdomad for a specific clip. We will write a custom essay sample on Enhanced Reading Instructions Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The instructor draws up similar structure† to bring forth thoughts. stimulate thought. do programs and make a desire† . ( Cited in Steering authorship and Observing Reading. p. 385 ) . Teachers† find more chance to utilize their cognition and accomplishments more to the full and effectively† . ( cited in Making Instructional Decisions. p. 461 ) . â€Å"Many usage alternate schemes in order to run into the particular demand of the students† ( Modifying Lessons. p. 461 ) Alternative lesson structures recommends the usage of at least two types of lesson constructions. One Guided Reading and the other Skill Focused Lessons. It follows a form where the text is selected. introduced. read and discussed. In a Teacher- led- Centre. â€Å"the option most favored today. Centre on incorporate course of study. an attempt to link the linguistic communication humanistic disciplines with other capable countries. frequently through subjects. Integration is encouraged across all capable countries. including math â€Å" . ( Basal Readers and Instructional Materials. Chp13. p. 0 ) â€Å"Skill development and pattern activities are frequently interspersed with originative enrichment thoughts in the teacher’s usher. † ( Chp13. p. 460 ) Students who need focused acquisition to go fluid and accurate in their use. Skill Focused Lessons are planned out by a instructor. like †writing. speaking. . . brainstorming†¦ function playing. doodling. pulling. cartooning. jotting ain thoughts. taking notes. interviewing and even organizing mental images through visual image and in writing organisers. † ( Steering Writing and Observing Reading p. 385 ) . Thus guidelines are set. which help heighten effectual reading composing in a schoolroom. Mention hypertext transfer protocol: //www. fcrr. org/assessment/pdf/smallgroupalternativelessonstructures. pdf How to cite Enhanced Reading Instructions Essay, Essay examples

For Love Or Money free essay sample

Dust Over The City Essay, Research Paper For Love Or Money Peoples necessarily encounter many debatable state of affairss in their life-time. Some jobs may be more serious than others, but the fact remains that it is alsways their pick as to how they will respond and whether or non they will drop or swim. A subsister is aperson who, depite whatever adversities they encounter, will confront their jobs head on and will non endorse down. They ever do whatever humanly possible overcome these obstaclsand supersede eveyone s excpectations and sometimes even their ain. Such people portion common features ; steadfest bravery, the ability to accommodate and set and a perservering attitude. Through Jim and Masdeline Dubois the cardinal characters in Dust Over the City, the writer nowadayss such a instance as shown through their many ordeals and their reactions to them. This is apparent in their brush with other and Alains patients, their conflict with solitariness and the determination to travel to the excavation town, seting to the new metropolis and accepting the fact with small commissariats this is where they must populate now. In Andre Langevins fresh Dust Over the City the characters Alain and Madeline are the incarnation of two people that are freshly wed and the jobs that each other face may or may non be normal. Alain and Madeline were a really unhappy married twosome and there were many things underlying their true feeling about each other. This is proved when Madeline meets person. Alain is confronted with this great large animal of a adult male who works in a bare and owns the eating house. The lone thing Alain could make to last the matrimony and win Madelines live dorsum was to contend back despite the unequal balance and size of strength and the hapless odds of winning. When the writer writes The adult male was the size of a great black bear against this liitle adult male. This proves Alain love for Madeline was unconditioned and taking to great progresss. Through this incident we can readily see that this adult male was genuinely courageous. He stood up, remained unagitated and the finally defeated this tremendous adult male where he could hold easy take to give up and he would of most likely been slaughtered. It was his courage that allowed him to last. Besides this married twosome was being lacerate apart by the married woman Madeline. She had moved with Alain to this new metropolis and Alain a succesful physician, may non hold the greatest looks or a muscular organic structure but he loves Madeline more than anything in the universe. She plays the single function in forepart of the metropolis when Alain s non about. The writer states She was dancing throughout the dark with every cat at every tabular array, like a individual rummy adult female would make, non cognizing she was married. ( 183 ) Alain felt that all he could make was love her and handle her the best anyone can handle person else that they love. He shows his loyalness to her and gives her the universe and so some. Alain was a adult male who s matrimony was falling apart because of his married woman who now showed him and proved to him that she was in it for the money and non for the love. Madeline who showed no attention towards the adult male she had walked down the aisle with and moved to this metropolis where neither of them wanted to populate but thought that they could populate on love. These escapades were besides able to set abd adapt to adverse conditions and state of affairss. When Alain and Madeline had took a trip to the forests one weekend they were presented with really drab fortunes. Madeline had severely bruised her leg, their plane was destroyed and had lost a good part of their nutrient supply. This is clearly proven by the quotation marks, Let s see your leg I bet it hurts, but it isn t broken. Merely bruised. You will be able to run in a hebdomad at least. ( 196 ) Further, no fire no nutrient these were blows to strong to bear, ( 199 ) but fortuitously there was adequate equipment here for any existent woodman to do a life for hebdomads. ( 201 ) Despite these reverses they were able to populate off the land, catching fish and squirrels for nutrient turn outing the Dr. Alain Dubois was more than a physician. They eventually had started a fire with a magnifying glass and the fire job had been beaten. These two people were really advanced a salvaging thei r matrimony by working together. Creativity with the equipment that had been found they had and in covering with their numer ous hardships. They were able to populate off what they had and managed to last despite limited supplies and many adversities. They had to larn how to run and angle with merely line and hook, demoing how they could accommodate to the hard fortunes. Adaptability is necessary for endurance and Alain won t give in to hard state of affairss but they will modify themselves to them because he is a combatant and non a quitter. The twosome s ability to set to a demanding state of affairs is continually proved and exemplified through the alterations the spell through in the novel. A first-class portraiture of this fact is Alain holding to steer a group of four without cognizing how to steer. Quote to turn out this is I have neer been in one of those boats. What about angling Oh I know really small about that. ( 209 ) Madeline watched closely to other ushers for the following few yearss and was able to larn the necessities of steering. The undermentioned forenoon Alain did everything he had watched ad observed the other ushers do. He picked up a wooden box from the shop, filled his gas armored combat vehicle, checked with his invitees to see if they wanted beer in the boat, so filled a big bucket with ice from the fish hut and set in 12 bottles of bee. When his invitees arrived he got them seated and fiddled about until Madeline was ready so followed him out on to the lake. ( 183 ) This shows how Alain was ab le to larn rapidly by observations of others and still be able to be a really successful usher. Alain and Madeline continually showed a perserving attitude in all the determinations they made and the battles they overcame. They neer one time gave in or considered it as an option. This is illustrated in their determination to remain in the Barrens and weather the winter because it was their last option for endurance. The awful disclosures of no deliverance and the going of Jones didn Ts make them desire to give up but they decided to go on to endeavor to last. they knew non to travel place ( 99 ) The characters show their strong will and perseverance in the quotation marks, But if the Eskimos can populate here all twelvemonth long, so so can we, ( 100 ) and, You are right. If we can acquire nutrient and apparels and shelter we will be all right. We can acquire all those things if we truly seek. ( 101 ) Alain and Madeline were cover a really serious blow which could hold made others w ant to give up but they decided to make whatever they could in order to vouch their endurance. They did experience, at times, that the state of affairs seemed despairing and hopeless but they overcame these feelings because they knew it would take them nowhere. It is non in the their character to throw in the towel because it is in them to contend to the really terminal. Alain was continually relentless in everything he did when a rival rose he would accept it deovote all his strength to get the better ofing it. During his journey to Canada he had to get the better of great distnces and defeatd to acquire at that place. Proff of these tests Then the both stared in horror the canoe emerged in a quiet Eddy at the pes of the reapids ( 245 ) . During the continuance of the lengthly trip she struggled to maintain up with Alain and Madeline for they were strong and skilled. They were merely able to remain alive with backbreaking finding and difficult work. But despite his sore musculuss h e plotted forth for he knew the importance of his occupation. It meant remaining her in the small metropolis and pusuing his calling. remebering the urgenty demand for meet at the place cantonments. ( 251 ) Alain showed great strength of will and character in the ardest journey. Throughout the full novel Alain had showed his love towards her and neer allow her out of his sight. He genuinely loved this lady with all his bosom and devotedness proving in the fresh Dust Over The City. He had fixed his matrimony with her and now they both figured out what loved had to make with matrimony and it wasn T because he was a physician or because she was beautiful it was the four missive word love. Love is the most of import thing two people can hold to love and be faithful. Some cuples it takes excess long clip but they end up loving one to the point of which they are inseperable which these to people obtained in their life. Love is an innense word significance different things to everyone but to these two it menat salvaging their matrimony and loving each other to the point of really decease for one another. 353

Victoria Rose Designs BRExecutive SummaryVictoria Essays - Economy

Victoria Rose Designs BRExecutive SummaryVictoria Rose Designs has been operating as a successful manufacturer and retailer in Melbourne for the past 10 years. The company manufacturers their items domestically in Australia, however their inputs and materials are sourced globally, creating dissatisfied customers due to faulty garments. Recently the company has seen a loss in market share due to faulty products, outdated technologies and poor customer service, putting a hold onto their plans to expand. This report will outline the role of operations management. It will also explain two operations influences that affect the management decisions of the company. Lastly, this report will propose and justify two operations strategies that management can introduce to address the issues the company is currently facing. Role of Operations ManagementSince Victoria Rose Designs is both a manufacturer as well as a retailer the role of operations is extremely important to the business. The role o f operations is needed to match the customers expectations from what has been advertised by the business, instructing the necessary quality controls. In a manufacturing business such as; Victoria Rose Designs, operations refers to the processes involved in turning raw materials and resources into outputs of finished goods or products. Thus, referring to the business processes that involve the transformation or production of goods and services. Along with this value adding is another important part of operations management, as the quality of the production can add to the value of the product. InfluencesQuality Expectations The expectation of quality is a significant influence on the operations function of the business and heavily affects the management decisions at Victoria Rose Designs. Due to the companies products being manufactured domestically it is assumed by customers that the products offered are of high quality. However, this is contradicted as the companies main complaint i s their faulty products which has resulted in the loss of market share. This demonstrates the affect of quality expectations on the managements decisions as the company must decide whether or not to locally source inputs in order to raise market share and continue the growth of the business. Even though locally sourced inputs will prove to be more expensive, by doing this the business will be able to raise the price of the goods, being justified by the quality. However, if the business were to continue in their current ways there could be a further decline in the businesses market share. Therefore, the influence of quality expectations is vital for the companies plans of expansion and growth. TechnologyTechnology is another crucial influence on Victoria Rose Designs that affects the decisions of the companies management. This is evident through the addressed issue of the companies outdated equipment and design methods. Because of this the company has fallen behind competitors, shown through their declining market share. Due to the lack of new or leading edge technology the company will not be able to stay ahead of their competitors or keep their quality to a high standard, demonstrated by the increase in faulty garments. Even though these new technologies come at a large cost the benefits through using updated or leading edge technology the company will be able to produce larger amounts of products as well as a higher quality of products. Therefore, by choosing to invest in updated technologies Victoria Rose Designs will be able to achieve their goal of further expanding their business.Operations StrategiesPerformance Objectives - Quality of DesignQuality of design is extremely important to a clothing retailer/manufacturer such as Victoria Rose Designs. This is because the design is able to determine the inputs needed, and how the transformation processes will be arranged in order to produce the finished good. It is evident that the company has had issues with their design methods due to them being outdated, along with their use of cheap materials. Typically, a high-quality design for a good will be clear from the high-quality materials used in manufacturing, the care and presentation, functional the good is, the look of the good and how long-lasting it is. Well designed and produced goods will normally attract a higher price compared to lower quality products. As a performance objective, the business needs to decide the quality of product it will deliver to

The Picture Of Dorian Grey Essays - The Picture Of Dorian Gray

The Picture Of Dorian Grey Essays - The Picture Of Dorian Gray The Picture Of Dorian Grey The Picture of Dorian Grey This story is about wanting to stay young and not knowing the consequences of such a desire. Everything starts out in Basil Hallward's studio. Basil is a painter that is obsessed with Dorian Grey, a young beautiful gentleman that catches everyone's eye. On this particular day, Basil is accompanied by Lord Henry, one of his close friends. Dorian posses for a portrait and then retires to the garden with Lord Henry. They talk about youth and its great importance, about how it shouldn't be taken for granted, etc. When the picture is finished, Dorian makes a simple wish. He asks for his picture to grow old instead of him. Dorian keeps the picture and is fond of his new friend, Lord Henry. They go everywhere together and Henry teaches Dorian new things about life that he never knew existed. Dorian falls in love with an actress from the lower sides of London. But after she messes up in one of her plays, he despises her and decides never to see her again. He goes home and realizes that his picture has changed, it had grown old. The next day he is told that the actress he used to admire had committed suicide. Dorian fells no sorrow and Lord Henry tells him to take it as if it were just part of a play, a tragic scene that had come to a dramatic end. He realizes that his stupid wish had come true, so he decides to hide the painting so no one else can see it. As the years go by, people start to hate the once beloved Dorian Grey. Rumors are spread that he is a bad influence and that evil follows him wherever he goes. Many people don't believe that nonsense, and are still blown away by his ravaging good looks. They can't believe that such a handsome man can do such terrible things. Then one night, Basil visits him. They have a chat about the reputation that Dorian is getting on the streets. Basil tells him that such affairs, as he had been known to be a part off, were bad for the soul. Dorian tells him he no longer has a soul, and decides to show him the picture he once had painted of him. The picture had become horrid, old, and had lost all the beauty it once possessed. Basil is amazed and can't believe his own eyes. Dorian becomes mad at him, he blames him for all that has happened in his life, for he was the one that started the whole thing. Dorian takes a knife and stabs his good friend to death. The next day he gets rid of the body and of all the evidence that can link him to the murder. Dorian continues his life as if nothing had ever happened. A couple of days later, he is confronted by James Vayne, the actress's brother, the one he had sent to her death 18 years before. He wants to kill him for what he had done, but his good looks and his young face save his life. Now everywhere he goes he is afraid of being killed, until one day he goes hunting with a friend, and they shoot Vayne by mistake. Dorian feels without troubles and decides to make good instead of evil. He goes home and stabs the painting that had caused him all this pain. A chilling cry is heard, and his servants enter the room. They find the picture hanging on the wall, as beautiful as it ever was, and their master lying dead on the floor. He had changed into an old horrid figure and was stabbed to death. This book was an excellent choice because it had a very interesting way of looking at life. At the beginning I thought it would be the usual story, but then as the plot unwraps, one can't leave the book for a second. You always want to know what will happen to Dorian Grey. Grey is an amazing character, at the start he was just blooming like a flower, but under the influence of Lord Henry, he matures and becomes a creature of evil. He realizes his mistakes

Art Of Irony in The Story of An Hour

Art Of Irony in 'The Story of An Hour' In The Story of An Hour, Kate Chopin uses a variety of literary devices ranging from third person narration, juxtaposition and irony to vividly illustrate the dramatic process of grievance, and alternately liberation, that Mrs. Mallard experiences under the impression that her husband has died. In the beginning of the short story, Chopin attempts to extend inklings to the reader of what is later to come in the story through the assertion that â€Å"Mrs. Mallard was afflicted with a heart trouble,† and that the other characters, her sister Josephine specifically, would â€Å"break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death.† It might be perceived that Chopin’s intentions were to foreshadow Mrs. Mallard having a heart failure in response to the traumatic news if it were not delivered delicately. Chopin depicts Mrs. Mallard as a fragile being whom would be shattered both physically and emotionally when given the news of her husband’s death. Chopin then toys along with this predictable reaction describing Mrs. Mallard as to have â€Å"wept at once, with sudden, wild abandonment,† similar to how a â€Å"child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.† The use of such kinetic word composition and the comparison of Mrs. Mallard to that of a sobbing child portrays her as an emotionally obliterated, feeble woman – entirely devastated, the exact reaction Chopin had foreshadowed early on. Chopin then implements juxtaposition and irony when describing Mrs. Mallard’s feelings subsequent of her devastation. Up until this point in the story, all of Mrs. Mallard’s actions are seemingly natural. The reader would think it reasonable for a woman to be emotionally rattled at the news of her husband’s death, however Chopin twists this seemingly predictable narrative on its head by now revealing a sense of liberation in Mrs. Mallard. To initiate this shift in mood, Chopin describes Mrs. Mallard gazing at the sky not in â€Å"a glance of reflection,† however a glance which â€Å"indicated a suspension of intelligent thought,† and this described â€Å"suspension of intelligent thought† puts a pause on Mrs. Mallard’s remorseful thoughts and serves as a gateway into her newfound freedom. Chopin further describes the positive ascension of Mrs. Mallard’s thoughts through the phrases â€Å"her bosom rose and fell tumultuously,† while whispering, â€Å"free, free, free,† â€Å"over and over under her breath.† Through this description, Chopin seems to reinvent Mrs. Mallard in an almost evil way as she is finding peace within her husband’s death. A reader might associate Mrs. Mallard’s â€Å"tumultuous† chest movements and repetition of a single word with the clich?, evil, methodical laugh of a villainous character that rises in richness at the expense of another (the laugh then commensurate to Mrs. Mallard’s happiness at the expense of her husband’s life). Chopin has recreated Mrs. Mallard in a way that makes her seemingly selfish in that she has achieved contentment through the death of her husband when the orthodox reaction should be a sense of remorse. Chopin therefore creates irony in two ways: one through the juxtaposition of how Mrs. Mallard should feel and how she actually feels and the other being how Mrs. Mallard achieves emotional uplift through an inherently wrong (according to societal expectation) response to the situation. Referring back to the potential foreshadowing in the beginning of story, Chopin seems to create a full circle effect at the end of the story. The very last line of Chopin’s short story proclaims that â€Å"she (Mrs. Mallard) had died of heart disease – of the joy that kills.† This ending serves as a full circle ending as it ties Chopin’s beginning statement, â€Å"Mrs. Mallard was afflicted with a heart trouble,† to the end of the story: Mrs. Mallard’s death via heart failure. The irony then amounts from the cause of Mrs. Mallard’s heart failure. Chopin has illustrated the story so that the reader knows Mrs. Mallard’s heart failure is from the negative shock of knowing her husband is alive while the characters in the story believe Mrs. Mallard’s heart failure is from positive shock, hence â€Å"the joy that kills.† This irony and juxtaposition of what actually happened and what is perceived to have happened (by the characters in the story) is made entirely possible through Chopin’s choice of third person narration. Through third person narration, Chopin exposes both sides of the situation: Mrs. Mallard’s internal thoughts, her feelings of liberation and freedom, and the external thoughts of the other characters, the feelings that Mrs. Mallard is desolate. By divulging the juxtaposing views to the reader, Chopin creates an ironic dichotomy. Through this ironic dichotomy, the reader gleans the unadulterated truth of Mrs. Mallard’s reaction to her husband’s death thus establishing a personal relationship between the reader and the character of Mrs. Mallard, all of which Chopin uses as a strategy to effectively illustrate Mrs. Mallard’s emotional development throughout the story.

Systems design and software integration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Systems design and software integration - Essay Example The essay portrays the various difficulties associated with improper implementation of systems, inadequacy of data, lack of standardization of work procedures and methods. It throws light on the fact organizations gets affected because the top management fails to understand the nuance of systems integration and merely treats the whole job as purchase of software. It also highlights the additional costs involved in debugging wrong procedures or approaches. The essay is primarily based on the case of the food and confectionary giant Nestle, SA. Nestle, best known for its milk and chocolate products operates from more than 500 locations across the world and has its operations in more than 16 countries. The case draws our attention because it projects the need for systems integration approach, measures to be taken in selection of ERP modules and vendors, the number of difficulties a business organization can encounter in integrating some of its key activity areas such as centralized purchasing, linking the supply chain, distribution, manufacturing and sales functions. The essay critically exposes the limitations systems integrations approach can pose business units to if they fail to use the definition given by Elliot.G regarding ERP. Elliot defined ERP as "A key feature of ERP system is the ability to link areas of businesses that are globally distributed" (2004, pg.202) and customize its applications to suit its business needs. Nestle, operating in more than 500 locations and with a business volume of around $46.6 billion is a huge enterprise, controlling and planning operations of that magnitude is a colossal task. Nestle, had its own Electronic Data processing and Systems departments to cater to its needs. They had around 80 systems units using a range of IBM mainframe computers and UNIX machines to process and ensure information is exchanged properly between all the business units. A large organization such as Nestle believes in decentralizing its purchasing, marketing and even production activities. They decentralize the above mentioned activities so as to suit the cultural needs, values, preferences of customers regionally. They focus at offering products depending on the preferences of the customers. This customization of products helps them in leveraging their market positions globally.Rationale for ERP in large multinational organizations such as Nestle: Areas of concern for Nestle in this case are the amount of expenditure it is incurring in purchase of raw material, damage of material in the ware house and supply chain problems. As they do not have a centralized electronic data processing unit it is unable to compare and analyzes prices paid in purchase of raw material from a single vendor. For any organization it can be a serious limitation in terms of information, time and money. In order to overcome this limitation Nestle decided to go for an ERP. Organizations before they decide to go for ERP packages do need to evaluate their organizational needs. Information technology for managers a book from ICMR in a chapter named as Enterprise resource planning suggests that "before initiating the process of ERP implementation, the management should identify the

Involvement of the Intracellular Signal Integrating Proteins Calcyon Essay

Involvement of the Intracellular Signal Integrating Proteins Calcyon and Spinophilin - Essay Example Results showed that calcyon and spinophilin transcripts were significantly higher in the thalamus of patients with schizophrenia. They concluded that, as discovered in other research, the dopamine system shows as abnormal in schizophrenia cases, but these abnormalities were due to intracellular integration where dopamine signaling with other neurotransmitter systems was dysfunctional, So it is not only the action of dopamine agonists or antagonists which impact, but the cellular activity which contributes to the illness. This scientific piece of writing encompasses so many areas of medical knowledge that it demands several readings to make sense of each point. However, it is fully detailed and demonstrates how the researchers used a stringent methodology, adhered to ethical and confidential practice and met their objective, as evidenced by the findings. It just seemed to take a long time and a great deal of narrative to produce the relevant information. They were honest as to limitations identified, such as age and antipsychotic drug use, the latter of which might have affected results, though this was considered unlikely.

Individual Assignment Business Organizations Essay Example for Free

Individual Assignment Business Organizations Essay Reflective practice is a way of studying your own experiences to improve the way you work. It is linked with the concept of learning from experience, in that you think about what you did and what happened, and decide what you would do differently next time. Reflective practice will make you improve the quality of service you deliver. It will ensure that the service providers are always getting the best possible service that they require because by using reflective practice you are always looking for things to improve on and see if you could do anything differently the next time round. Standards such as essential standards tell us how we should be working. We can use them to think about the way in which we work and measure ourselves against them. As everyone has different values and beliefs, it is important that we treat everyone the same no matter what their beliefs are. We should provide the same support for everybody, If we do not work this way then we will fail to perform the standards of the codes of practice set out by the regulating bodies. Outcome 2 2.1Everybody reacts differently to feedback whether it be positive or negative. I value any kind of feedback given to me, positive or negative because it is a good way of trying to better yourself. Some people may take negative feedback personally and think that they are being criticised. 2.2 It is important to seek feedback from people as you will know if you are working in the correct way. If you get negative feedback you will then know what you need to improve on for the better and positive feedback you know you can carry on the good work that you are doing. 2.3 It is important to listen to the feedback you get and use it whether it is positive or negative so that you can improve the way that you work and your quality of work.

Solar Heating Essay -- Solar Sun Energy Essays

Solar Heating It seems self-evident that, as a global society, we must transition eventually from the nonrenewable fossil fuels we currently rely on to renewable sources of energy such as biomass, wind, and particularly solar energy. The latter, though it involves some difficulties, which we will discuss shortly, is especially attractive, I think, because its source is the energy provided by the sun, which is so vast that, according to some, â€Å"if it could be effectively harnessed, two days’ worth of solar energy could provide more power than all known fossil fuel reserves.† (Duke Power) Because I will be getting a house of my own in just a few years, I decided that an interesting topic for study might be solar heating. There are two different kinds of solar heating, so I will briefly discuss them both: Active Solar Heating There are two different kinds of active solar heating systems: air and liquid. In both kinds of Active Solar Heating, flat plate solar energy collectors are installed on the roof or on the ground. Most often, the side that faces the sun has a glass or plastic cover and the inside space is a black absorbing material. Air systems use air to capture, transfer, and store heat produced by the collectors, while the liquid systems use water or an antifreeze solution. From there, fans or pumps deliver the heat to the house. Ultimately, I feel I would opt for the liquid system, because they cost less to operate and ta...

President Roosevelt and the New Deal

In the 1920's or the ‘Roaring Twenties' as they were then referred to, there was a great deal of money, crime and corruption floating around in the American economy and stock market. A lot of people were buying on credit and getting out loans to invest on the stock market. This was encouraged by President Hoover and his Republican government. The reason for their doing of this was partly to gain a lot of money for themselves and to make America look good for any visitors. It was a time of conservatism, it was a time great social change. From the world of fashion to the world to politics, forces clashed to produce the most explosive decade of the century. In music, the sound of the age was jazz. The Jazz Age came about with artist like Bessie Smith and Duke Ellington. Youth ruled everything. From the young styles of dress to the latest celebrities. If it was young, it was the thing. The new age ladies of this time were young ladies who would go out wearing loose clothing and loads of make up (flappers) and this was unseen before in the States. It was the age of prohibition, it was the age of prosperity, and it was the age of downfall. The Government encouraged the people to buy lots of goods and to invest in the stock market. The poorer people looked at the rich people and thought that they could be as rich as them if they took out a loan, but the bank manager would see these people as unreliable in the terms of the people paying back the money. The bank managers therefore charged the poorer person maybe 15% interest where as if a person with a nice car and a large house came in to take out a loan then the manager would think that they are more likely to pay back the money so they would only put 5% interest on their loan. This in fact put the poorer person in even more debt as they had to pay back a lot more than the richer person. It was also a time of great racism in America with the Ku Klux Klan operating in their most vicious period killing a lot of people and the police hardly took any notice of their actions. Most city officials were owned by the Mafia and they did whatever the Mafia wanted them to do. This greatly increased the rate of crime in most parts of America and because this was the time of prohibition the Mafia brought lots of alcohol into the country. His party was a very relaxed with the economy and with the way it was run and they had adopted a policy of ‘laissez faire'. They said that they would not govern and guide the American economy but they would let it take its way down its own path and see where it ends up. Obviously they did not completely abandon it however they did not keep the right amount of watch on it as they should have done. This irregular regulation the economy led to an major imbalance in the products which America had been selling to their population. The people that bought the large goods that fuelled the American economy, for instance cars, fridges and radios were not going to keep on buying them forever. If a family had a car then unless they were rich they would not invest in another car because there would be no need to. This is the same with fridges and radios because people did not need to buy two or three fridges or radios. Most people could manage with one fridge and again, unless you were quite well-off you were unlikely to buy more than one radio. These major products therefore only had a limited field of marketing before the field was ‘over- farmed' and nobody wanted to buy from that field anymore. This major reduction in sale therefore led to a major reduction in the amount of people employed by a company. For example, Ford motor cars would not have to employ as many people if they are not producing as many cars because they will not have to run as much machinery and the manual jobs will not be as substantial. Because of this many people were made redundant and were forced to go without a job. During President Hoovers presidency there were no unemployment benefits so people who lost their jobs would have to either try and get another job or live on the money that they already had which for most peoples cases that was not a great deal of money. For most this money only lasted a couple of months so people started to sell a lot of their property and people started selling their houses to gain a little extra cash. In these cases most people did not get a lot of money for their houses and soon found themselves living in shanty towns or ‘Hoovervilles' as a lot of Americans called them. Hoover did not really care about the people's situation and his policy was that people should sort out their own problems. These ‘Hoovervilles' housed great quantities of crime (mainly with the Mafia), heavy drugs also supplied by the gangs and they were very dirty and run down. A new president was to be called for to sort out the problems that America had to deal with. These mainly were that the amount of crime had to be brought down and the Great Depression had to be lifted of the people of America. The man to propose these solutions was a man called Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Franklin was a very clever man who had had a good upbringing and who had always had money in his family While at Harvard, Franklin fell in love with Anna Eleanor Roosevelt, his fifth cousin once removed. Eleanor had had a trying childhood. Her mother, a beautiful socialite who gave her little affection, died when Eleanor was eight. Her father, Theodore Roosevelt's brother, was spirited and charming. But he was unstable and alcoholic, and he died when Eleanor was ten. Orphaned, she lived with her maternal grandmother and entered her teens feeling rejected, ugly, and ill at ease in society. When Franklin, a dashing Harvard man two years her senior, paid her attention, she was flattered and receptive. On March 17, 1905, the two Roosevelts were married. Her uncle Theodore, president of the United States, gave her away. The marriage was successful enough on the surface. Within the next 11 years Eleanor delivered five children (a sixth died in infancy): Anna (1906), James (1907), Elliott (1910), Franklin D. , Jr. (1914), and John (1916). Having been born into wealth, the Roosevelts never lacked for money, and Eleanor and Franklin moved easily among the upper classes in New York and Campobello. Eleanor, however, was often unhappy. For much of her married life she had to live near Franklin's widowed and domineering mother. Family duties kept her at home, while Franklin played poker with friends or enjoyed the good life. Later, during World War I, she was staggered to discover that Franklin was having an affair with her social secretary, a pretty young Virginian named Lucy Mercer. Despite these tensions, Eleanor remained a helpful mate throughout the 40 years of her marriage to Franklin. When he contracted polio in 1921, she labored hard to restore his emotional health and to encourage his political ambitions. Thereafter, with Franklin confined to braces and wheelchairs, she served as his eyes and ears. Because she possessed deep sympathy for the underprivileged, she guided his social conscience. Franklin was the man who proposed to the American populace his solutions to get America out of the mess that the country was in. Previously In 1910 Roosevelt was elected to the New York Senate and made the governor of New York. While he was the governor he tried out some of his plans like unemployment benefits and these proved to work well in the recovery of people's lives. He was willing when he came to be elected for President to put these plans into action and the people liked this. The people believed that they could trust Roosevelt because he had put some of his plans into action before and they had worked well in New York. This why he beat Hoover by a landslide vote in the elections in 1932. When he became President he immediately set his plans rolling and the people knew that they had made the right choice in the form of a President and Government that were actually going to do something positive for the country.

Australian Corporations Law Essay

There are two company classifications, proprietary and public. Most Australian companies are proprietary limited companies because this classification and type suits the needs of most businesses. (i) Reasons to Choose a Proprietary Company A proprietary company by comparison to a public company has simpler and therefore lower cost reporting obligations, is limited to 50 non employee shareholders’, ‘and between 1 to 50 members’ , a public company can have more. A proprietary company requires a minimum of one director a public company requires a minimum of three directors. The director or directors of proprietary company must ordinarily reside in Australia and be 18 years of age or older. A public company can be listed on the stock exchange and raise funds directly from the public by offering shares or debentures for sale’ a proprietary company cannot, however a proprietary company can offer shares to existing shareholders or employees. (b) Company Types There are two types of proprietary companies, companies limited by shares and companies unlimited with share capital. (i) Reason to Choose a Company Limited by Shares In the event that a company limited by shares does not have sufficient assets to meet its debts, each member is only liable for the amount, if any, that remains unpaid on their shares , ‘[L]imited liability means that members of a company are not personally liable for the full extent of their company’s debts. ’ This limitation of personal liability is the great advantage of this type of company. (ii) Reason Not to Choose a Company Unlimited with Share Capital An ‘unlimited company means a company whose members have no limit placed on their liability’ for their company’s debts. Unlimited companies are rarely used. Company Names A company name is optional; the company’s ACN can be used instead. The name ‘Sai Kung’ has been chosen and so an application for reservation of the name, form 410, must be lodged with ASIC prior to the application to register the company. See attachment 1. ‘A limited proprietary company must have the words â€Å"Proprietary Limited† [or Pty Ltd] at the end of its name. ’ B Application for Registration 1 Application Form To register the company, ASIC form 201 must be completed and lodged with ASIC. See attachment 2. 2 Additional Information Required for Registration In addition to the classification, type and proposed name of the company the following information must be provided: †¢Ã¢â‚¬Ëœthe name and address of each person who consents to become a member’ †¢ ‘the present given and family name, all former given and family names and the date and place of birth of each person who consents in writing to become a director †¢Ã¢â‚¬Ëœthe present given and family name, all former given and family names and the date and place of birth of each person who consents in writing to become a company secretary;’ A proprietary company is not required to have a secretary †¢Ã¢â‚¬Ëœthe address of the company’s registered office;’ †¢Ã¢â‚¬Ëœthe address of the company’s proposed principal place of business (if it is not the address of the proposed registered office);’ †¢Ã¢â‚¬Ëœthe number of shares each member agrees in writing to take up;’ The price of each share, whether the share wi ll be fully paid on registration, if not fully paid, the amount that will be unpaid on each share and whether or not the shares each member agrees to take up will be beneficially owned by the member on registration of the company. 3 Consents and Agreements Consents and agreements of nominated directors, secretary and members must be obtained prior to the application for registration being accepted by ASIC. 4 Rules for Internal Management of a Company Regarding the rules for the internal management of a company, a company can either use the ‘replaceable rules’ as stated in the Corporation Act, or form a constitution, the company’s own rules, or a combination of replaceable rules and the constitution. C Registration by ASIC Registration is at ASIC’s discretion. 1 Issue of Certificate of Registration Sai Kung Pty Ltd will not exist, will not become incorporated, until ASIC registers the company and issues a certificate of registration. 2 Corporate Key ‘Within two days of registration, ASIC will also issue a corporate key to the company’s registered office address. ’ This is an eight digit number used to lodge forms with ASIC, access company records and receive annual statements online. This number should be kept confidential. D Alternative: A Shelf Company If you do not wish to go through the process of registration alternatively you could purchase a shelf company, this is a company that has already been registered and is therefore available for immediate use. A shelf company can be renamed with the name of your choosing. The Facts 5 January Toto acting as a promoter, entered into a contract on behalf of Sai Kung (‘SK’), a yet to be registered company. The contract was with Television Broadcasts Limited (‘TVB’), to pay TVB for their professional and technical assistance in producing a television seafood cooking show. 12 January SK was registered by ASIC, the company did not adopt a constitution, did choose to have a common seal and Flora and Toto were both appointed as directors. SK did not appoint a company secretary. TVB commenced providing SK with professional and technical assistance to produce the television show. 2 February The contract with TVB was ratified by SK on 2 February. 20 February As at 20 February the shows production has not commenced and TVB has not been paid for its assistance. B The Law Applied to the Facts When Toto, on behalf of SK, entered into the contract with TVB, he acted as a promoter, ‘anyone who exerts themselves on behalf of a not-existent company’ . Toto the promoter was liable to pay TVB for their services in the event that SK did not register or SK did register but did not ratify the contract. On 2 February SK, a registered company since 12 January, ratified the contract with TVB. SK is now liable and bound by the contract made on its behalf on 5 January. However, in the event that SK does not pay TVB part or all of what is owed, Toto, as the promoter, remains liable. If Toto had obtained a release from TVB he would no longer be liable or ‘[a]n alternative way in which a company [SK] can become primarily liable is where the company [SK] and the other party [TVB] substitute a new contract in place of the pre-registration contract (otherwise known as â€Å"novation†). This discharges any liability of the promoter [Toto] in relation to the pre-registration contract. An effective novation requires the consent of both the company [SK] and the third party [TVB]. ’ C The Objective of the Section 133 of the Corporations Act ‘At common law, if a pre-registration contract was not performed †¦ neither the company †¦ nor the promoter were liable. The innocent other party was left with an unenforceable contract’, an example is the case Black v Smallwood . A promoter ‘was only bound if they intended to be bound’ as in the case Kelner v Baxter where ‘[t]he court examined the written contract and imputed and intention by [the promoter] Baxter to bind himself personally. ’ Section 133 of the Corporations Act states that Part 2B. replaces any rights or liabilities anyone would otherwise have on the pre-registration contract’ , ending the ‘uncertainty arising out of the laws of agency and contract. ’ ‘The issue of where liability lay for not fulfilling obligations incurred under p re-registration contracts is now governed entirely by the Corporations Act and its overriding aim is to ensure that the innocent other party [in this case TVB] is not left without legal remedy.

Go Ahead, Put that Preposition at the End!

Go Ahead, Put that Preposition at the End! Go Ahead, Put that Preposition at the End! Go Ahead, Put that Preposition at the End! By Maeve Maddox Commenting on one of my posts about prepositions, Annette writes: When did the rule about ending the sentence with a preposition change? Its always been one of my pet peeves (in written word more than spoken) because we learned it was wrong in high school grammar. but now Im reading that its acceptable? Could all our English teachers have been wrong? No grammarian can be more cantankerous than H.W. Fowler (A Dictionary of Modern English Usage), but here is what he says about prepositions at the end of a sentence: It is a cherished superstition that prepositions must, in spite of the incurable English instinct for putting them latebe kept true to their name and placed before the word they govern. He says Dryden, Gibbon, and Ruskin spread the notion that English sentences must never end with a preposition. Dryden was so steeped in a classical education that he sometimes translated his sentences into Latin before writing them down in English. Gibbon was so determined not to end a sentence with a preposition that he avoided ending them with adverbs that looked like prepositions. For example, words like on, over, off, and under may be either prepositions or adverbs, depending on their function in the sentence, He ran after the wagon and jumped on. on is an adverb telling where He left on the horse he rode in on. on is possibly a preposition, but would the sentence be improved by writing He left on the horse on which he rode in? We still have a word that looks like a preposition ending the sentence. Would it really improve an idiomatic sentence like What did you do that for? to rewrite it as For what did you do that? Weve all heard how Churchill rebuked the secretary who revised the great mans sentences to avoid ending them with prepositions: This is the kind of arrant pedantry up with which I will not put. The sentence is funny and succeeds in poking fun at the over-venerated rule, but the expression put up with is a phrasal verb that means endure or suffer. Idiomatic English makes use of many such verb phrases: ask out George wants to ask Mary out. add up These figures just dont add up. As writers we need to be aware of the rules of our medium and strive not to write anything barbaric, i.e., unidiomatic. We need to be alert to differences between formal and informal expression, but whether we are writing a scientific treatise or an irreverent novel, we need to stay true to our instinctive grasp of our native language. Ill give Fowler the last word: Those who lay down the universal principle that final prepositions are inelegant are unconsciously trying to deprive the English language of a valuable idiomatic resource, which has been used freely by all our greatest writers except those whose instinct for English idiom has been overpowered by notions of correctness derived from Latin standards. The legitimacy of the prepositional ending in literary English must be uncompromisingly maintained; in respect of elegance or inelegance, every example must be judged not by any arbitrary rule, but on its own merits, according to the impression it makes on the feeling of educated English readers. For a useful list of phrasal verbs, visit Daves ESL Cafe. See Churchill on Prepositions for a discussion of the Churchill anecdote. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Fly, Flew, (has) FlownFlied?Difference between "Pressing" and "Ironing"Narrative, Plot, and Story

Imitation a story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Imitation a story - Essay Example The main objective of writing a script is to be clear, concise and accurate. First, the headline is expected to give a summary of the story and catches the attention of the reader (Simnet & reed 2). The lead paragraph should consist of simple sentences. Moreover, the sentences should be constructed using one subject and one verb. The writer is expected to avoid the use of words such as however or furthermore as they complicate the sentence. The first paragraph is expected to contain a placeline. A placeline captures the attention of the reader and introduces the story. The 5 W’s of writing should be answered with the first paragraph. The 5W consists of questions such as what happened, Where, Why and Who (Simnett & Reed 2). The first paragraph contains the most important information about the story. The script is also expected to transition smoothly from one paragraph to the next. The writer should avoid repetition and is encouraged to use direct quotations as they add to the a ccuracy of the information. The simple sentence structure is Subject-Verb-Object (Allen 13). The story should be based on factual events. The language of the article should not describe the news. The writer is expected to let the listeners decide whether the news is good or bad (Allen 14). Pompeii - 2000 people died owing to a volcanic eruption in the Italian region of Campania. The eruption of Mt. Vesavius occurred on Tuesday at 4:15am. The eruption occurred unexpectedly destroying the entire city in its wake. A spokesman for the refugees of the city claimed that people were unprepared for the unexpected tragedy. One witness told BBC that the inhabitants of the city were reluctant to leave their homes, believing that the impact of the eruption would not affect them. On a visit to the region of Campania, the Senator said, â€Å"Only the gods can explain why this catastrophe would befall such a beautiful city.† The senator told the citizens of Campania that the tragedy was an

ASTR 123 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

ASTR 123 - Assignment Example It remains unclear what chain of circumstance led to the emergence of life on Earth. However, scientists believe that the long period of relatively stable climate originating from the stable orbit of the planet at the favorable distance from a proper type of star are necessary factors of complex life on Earth (Guangxian and Xiao 33-34). The Rare Earth Theory holds that few planets can support the kind of complex life that the Earth supports. It contradicts the mediocrity principle which assumes Earth is a typical planet and that there is not much that is special about humanity. Other analysis suggests that the only planet that is capable of supporting complex life is the Earth. Proponents of the Rare Earth Theory indicate the long list of circumstances required for the evolution of complex life on earth. The creation of life requires water, and no planet apart from the Earth if known to have liquid water in large quantities. Many other planets do not have the right temperature to keep water liquid. Therefore, complex life cannot be found in such planets (Guangxian and Xiao 36). Considering that the galaxy is a very thin circular disk of stars of radius approximately 50,000 light years with 2500 civilizations in our galaxy capable of communication, the approximate separation of these civilizations in light years will be the perimeter divided by the number of civilizations. Based on the suggestions and responses of people, humans do not have the right characteristics to foster sustainability. Many of the respondents suggested that humans are moral, selfish, and lazy. The respondents feel that majority of human beings seek their own personal interest, want power, and work for selfish gains. Even though many people remain moral, majority do not have the characteristics to foster sustainability. Guangxian, Xu, and Xiao Jimei. New Frontiers in Rare Earth Science and Applications: Proceedings of the International Conference on Rare Earth Development and Applications

History philosophy of dance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

History philosophy of dance - Essay Example They shared talents of these two dancers (and their respective dances) cannot and should not be understood to denote that they are somehow one and the same. It is the hope of this author the following analysis will be useful in helping to delineate the key differentials that existed between these two men as well as pointing to the similarities that bound them and helps individuals even to this day to define the era of jazz dance and musical incorporation into the Hollywood film of the 1940s and 1950s. For purposes of comparison, Bob Foss’ â€Å"All that Jazz† and Gene Kelley’s â€Å"1969 Dance Medley† will be considered and compared. At first glance, it may appear as if the dances of Gene Kelly and Robert Foss are somehow one and the same. Gene Kelly, born in 1912, reached the height of his popularity in the 1940s and 50s. Comparatively, born in 1927, a full 15 years later, Foss also began to reach the height of his popularity in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Comparatively, both of these men represented jazz dancers that were, at their time, indicative of the very best that Hollywood had to offer. Both Gene Kelly and Robert Foss were not only dancers but also singers. However, even though the aforementioned similarities lady enough to convince a rather uninformed individual that these two dancers/stars were one in the same, the fact of the matter is that as their careers progress and a further indication of their contribution to their individual dancing style is evidenced, key differentials with regards to the way in which these dancers/singers/choreographers can be understood and appreciated comes to be seen. Interestingly, even though dissimilarities between the styles exist, a level of heavy experimentation is evidenced in both of these respective dances; indicative of the 1960’s and 70’s – a period in time in which the

Personality & Attitudes on Revenge in the General Population of Scotland Essay Example for Free

Personality Attitudes on Revenge in the General Population of Scotland Essay Fantasies vary from person to person and are dependent on psychological condition. In a clinical population fantasies tend to last longer than in non-clinical populations. Although overall each fantasy has been reported to last relatively short periods of time, the frequency of which they occur is usually the factor that determines whether they are of concern or not (Gellerman and Suddath, 2005). There seems to be a limited quantity of research available on the general understanding of this topic however the literature that does exist appears to focus on three particular areas, sustaining fantasies as a means of coping with painful and stressful situations in the general population but particularly in the clinical population (Zelin, Bernstein, Heijn, Jampel, Myerson, Adler, Buie Rizzuto, 1983; Harder Zelin, 1984; Greenwald Harder, 1994; Greenwald Harder, 1995 Greenwald and Harder, 1997); aggressive fantasies for pleasure or satisfaction in the general population but more often than not habitually involuntary for the clinical population and generally violent, sexual and sadistic in nature (Gellerman Suddath, 2005; Egan Campbell, 2009 Selby, Anestis Joiner (2007), and finally, revenge fantasies concerning those who have experienced trauma (Mardi Harowitz, 2007). In search of material for this review surprise has it that homicidal fantasies on the whole is the one of which focuses on a more simple view of its apparent natural occurrence in natural surroundings of everyday life, and highlights the evolving acceptance that many normal law abiding citizens can and do have fantasies. Sustaining Fantasy From a study conducted by Zelin et al (1983) the Sustaining Fantasy Questionnaire (SFQ) was developed to measure sustaining functions in psychiatric inpatients in comparison with non-patients. This questionnaire was constructed specifically to measure fantasies of death, withdrawal, restitution, suffering, God, closeness, power and revenge, admiration of self, competition and aesthetics. The questionnaire was then utilised to determine that psychiatric inpatients scored higher than non-patients on fantasies of death, withdrawal, restitution, suffering, God and closeness but fantasies of power and revenge, admiration of self, competition and aesthetics did not differentiate between groups. Thus, suggesting that the questionnaire was able to differentiate the groups by fantasy factors such as death, withdrawal, restitution, suffering, God and closeness and highlighted associations of power and revenge, admiration of self, competition and aesthetics with an independent measure of psycho logy. It is said that experiencing Sustaining Fantasies is a familiar, consistent and repetitive conscious fantasy adopted to help cope with feelings of a painful and stressful situation. According to Zelin et al (1983) the sustaining fantasy is a concept based on the observation that at times of extreme negative emotional states, caused by anger or narcissistic grievance, people often resort to this as a means of re-creating a more ideal situation than that of which stimulated the painful experience, fabricating a sense of satisfaction, restoring self-esteem and emotional equilibrium, and decreasing frustration. Ultimately, the sustaining fantasy is based on the assumption that such fantasies signify and demonstration the basic construction and processes that have evolved in the course of efforts to adapt to painful situations. We are reminded by Zelin et al (1983) that this fantasy is of a specific type called only into play when suffering increasing levels of stress, and should not be c onfused by those fantasies used as a disguised endeavour of pleasure or solutions to relatively un-stressful problems, such studies will be discussed later in the review. One year on, Harder Zelin (1984) furthered the study of Zelin et al (1983) accepting that the sustaining fantasy questionnaire was developed primarily with psychiatric inpatients, but recognising also, the potential for its use in testing correlates among a more general sample. Assuming that everyone uses sustaining fantasies to aid or support themselves through highly stressful periods in life and presuming the importance of this factor in the capability to manage adaptively rather than maladaptively, Harder Zelin (1984) extended interests and investigations into the personality functioning in the general population as well as with pathological persons. They did this by examining the relationship between the 10 types of sustaining fantasies reported by Zelin et al (1983) and two dimensions of self-concept self-derogation and stability of self-concept, suspecting that the type of sustaining fantasy that the person characteristically brings into play will be consistent with and in support of their self-concept, an important relation with psychological-social adjustment and even a potential determinant of psychological-social adjustment. Successfully, the results demonstrated that the Sustaining Fantasy Questionnaire was reliable not only to differentiate between groups of psychiatric inpatients from normal controls, as Zelin et al (1983) demonstrated, but also to distinguish the group of college students used in this study. Just over a decade later Greenwald Harder (1994) followed on from Zelin et al (1983), attempting to examine the expected associations between psychopathology, almost replicating exactly, apart from their use of a student population primarily from a middle-class backgrounds. In addition, Greenwald Harder (1994) questioned if the sustaining fantasy scales associated with weaker functioning, reflects a more general pathology factor as proposed in the data of Zelin et al (1983) or, whether each reflects a particular maladaptive style that is signified by an exceptional construction of associations with the MMPI clinical scales. Further support and reliability of Zelin et al (1983) is strengthened in Greenwald Harders (1994) findings that power/revenge, death/illness, withdrawal/protection and suffering are all related significantly to two of the MMPI measures of overall psychopathology, therefore four of the six fantasy types that imply psychopathology in the inpatients (Zelin et al, 1983) were too the indicators of pathology in the study using the middle-class students. Considering all of the previously mentioned studies (Zelin et al, 1983; Harder Zelin, 1984; Greenwald Harder, 1994) it seems fair to say that ample evidence has been gathered to show that definite types of sustaining fantasy ideas, characteristically used to comfort the self when experiencing feelings of hurt and stress, are associated with indications of psychopathological adjustment. The aim for Greenwald Harder (1995) was then to examine to what extent there are parallels between them and the degree to which such content ideas may well point out psychopathology. With reference to past research on daydreaming, where Singer Antrobus (1972) have suggested that particular collections of imagery content appear to propose less favourable styles, there seems to be similarities with the findings of Zelin et al (1983), although they did emphasise the difference between other fantasies such as daydreams and remind us not to confuse them. Contrary to this emphasis and that of Zelin et al (1983), clinical impressions have proposed that in more ways than one, the overall content of these two types of fantasies is rather parallel. As a result of this proposal, Greenwald Harder (1995) investigated whether sustaining fantasies generally show a strong similarity to the typical daydreams preferred by an individual, or whether there really is a movement from the content of ordinary daydreams to the familiar self-comforting ones that provide support during feelings of pain and stress. To do this they compared the Sustaining Fantasy Questionnaire and the numerous Imaginal Process Inventory (IPI) (Singer Antrobus, 1972) scales for correspondence in content and in their relationships to measures of psychopathology, and a great deal of consistency was discovered even when partialling for social desirability. It was concluded that there was in fact considerable overlap in the content and of correspondence between both, sustaining fantasy and daydreams, and furthermore, it was highlighted that three particular IPI scales were observed to give significant indications of psychopathology fear reaction, bizarre and hostile. Despite the delight in these findings Greenwald Harder (1995) speculated the possibility that rather than the findings being a result of specific content they may be the result of a broad level of association between the two scales. In pursuit of this speculation further analysis detected the average degree of correlation between SFQ and IPI characteristics in comparison to the level of association displayed by those relationships they predicted, finding that although there was no significance, there was a trend toward significance. Thus, suggesting that a general commonality between the SFQ and the IPI may have been a factor in contributing to the extent of their success in predictions for the study. On this note one should be reminded that for the purpose of reliability and validity, considering an underlying weakness alongside the success is vital for future study in terms of recognising the possibility for individuals to very well fantasize and daydream simultaneously in ordinary and/or stressful situations. It is now becoming apparent that sustaining fantasies are perhaps not quite as specific from other fantasies in particular situations such as coping with stressful matters, as was first thought, or, that if they are, they do not always emerge completely alone. Based on the results of this study Greenwald Harder (1995) propose the question of whether it would be beneficial to use the findings of their study, subsequent past research, to investigate clinical manipulation of the content and/or frequency of fantasy having therapeutic effects, bearing in mind the given definition of sustaining fantasy in Zelin et al (1983) at the beginnings of this extensive research. To address the proposed questions that emerged from Greenwald Harder (1995) they conducted another study in 1997 replicating the previously discussed studies and replicating reported relationships between coping behaviours and psychopathology however, this time they utilised measurement instruments that were developed by different investigators, presented different response formats, and were not developed to measure the same content areas as before. They assessed whether consistent relationships exist between the content of self-reported coping behaviours, sustaining fantasies, and ordinary daydreams and in addition attempted to identify coping behaviours associated with psychopathology, exploring any connections between coping behaviours, fantasies, and daydreams correlated with pathology. Pearson correlations indicated similar content between coping behaviours and the two types of fantasy and significant inter-correlations were found between sustaining fantasies, daydreams, and coping behaviours that, separately, were found to be significantly associated with psychopathology. In the process of this investigation, and with influencing thoughts created by the previous workings, Greenwald and Harder (1997) took into consideration the likelihood to expect there would be a consistency between the region of fantasy and behaviour, and that individuals would report thoughts and action in parallel ways but then again, consider also that it is also probable to anticipate that fantasies could serve as a substitute for action, and that a report of specific fantasy content might be inversely associated with behaviour that contains similar content. Growing in strength, again the results of Greenwald Harder (1997) were successful in that there is a significant association with regard to the content among self-reported daydreams, sustaining fantasies, and coping behaviours, even after controlling for social desirability. These results are found to be more influential due to the fact that they were obtained with assessment instruments that were developed by different investigators, used different response formats, and were not developed to measure the same content areas. Therefore, this information suggest that, while there may be some instances of fantasies and behaviours that relate inversely to each other, fantasies usually are consistent with behavioural coping styles. These findings then highlight that there is a complex of daydreams, fantasies, and behavioural responses that could be used to characterize individuals. Furthermore, to generalize the findings of this study it was recommended that future studies should be conducted with other subject populations that take into account age, culture, socioeconomic status and residence environment (Greenwald Harder, 1997), however, it seems appropriate to mention that perhaps at this point it is a good time to look at how the sustaining fantasy ideology has branched out to embrace other influencing factors. Aggressive Fantasies Egan Campbell (2009) expanded research on sustaining fantasies almost taking it to a new level by selecting a diverse population, as recommended by Greenwald Harder (1997), but more importantly taking into account other domains that showed potential to reveal relationships from another angle. Such were, sensational topics, general personality traits, and self-reported physical aggression. They found relationships between sensational interests and physical aggression, regardless of gender. Personality and the application of negative sustaining fantasies significantly forecast physical aggression. When the SFQ was reduced to three higher order factors; positive, negative, and narcissistic sustaining fantasies, correlations were found between neuroticism (N) and both positive and negative sustaining fantasies, although the association was stronger for negative fantasies. There were small associations between positive sustaining fantasies and indirect non-physical hostility although these relations were humble, and openness (O) was a stronger predictor. Narcissistic sustaining fantasies related to low levels of agreeableness (A), replicating associations between low A and narcissism generally. Ultimately proposing that aggressive and hostile persons are more stimulated by violent stimuli and that isolation is a further risk-increasing factor for aggressive interests. Following on from this conclusion of risk-increasing factors, attention was directed back a few years in literature to a study conducted by Gellerman Suddath (2005). They discussed risk-increasing factors in relation to questioning at what point would a health professional perhaps become concerned with a persons fantasy enough for it to become their duty to forewarn or protect others from potential dangerousness, or even attempt to protect the person from them self. In the health profession an evaluation of dangerousness includes not only asking about violent fantasies but also asking about physical and sexual content (Gellerman Suddath, 2005). Gellerman and Suddath (2005) looked at the conditions in which the disclosure of violent fantasies to a mental health professional may generate cause for concern and a duty to warn or protect other citizens. Reviewing legal cases in which violent fantasies were considered in the context of measuring potential dangerousness and the literature available on homicidal and sexually violent fantasies in both non-incarcerated and criminal populations was also examined. It was concluded that no dependable predictive relationship between violent fantasies and wickedly hazardous behaviour was reported in the available literature and suggestions of issues that mental health professionals may think about when gauging whether a particular violent fantasy is a sign for concern requiring rise to a duty in protecting others. At last, this paper is very interesting in that it is greatly unbiased and clearly discusses both the harmful aspects of fantasy as well as the innocent or un-harmful aspects, thus showing the importance of distinguishing between the two possibilities, which must be said, is something that is lacking in the papers previously reviewed. Gellerman and Suddath (2005) explained in detail the definition of violent fantasy for the purpose of their paper which must be credited as again, not many papers in this field have done so. They expressed their perception of violent fantasy as a thought in which an individual imagines physically harming a fellow human being in some way. They explain that the content of individual fantasies may vary from anything such as murder, sexual assault, or inappropriate sexual activity. It is emphasised that fantasy must be distinguished from an intention, in that the imaginary violence is not instantaneously designed to guide or prepare for action. On the other hand, it is said that any expression of intention to harm another person is when we should have cause for concern as this is without doubt communicating a threat rather than a fantasy. Gellerman and Suddath (2005) noted two important points in terms of distinguishing between fantasy being harmless or harmful, firstly, while not instantaneously aimed at guiding action, fantasy has been illustrated as serving a number of clinical functions, including control and relief of anxiety and substitution for action therefore harmless to others and at the same time very useful to the fantasizer, secondly, from a harmful perspective fantasy may also be preparation for action and it is from this perspective that concern should be heightened in the evaluation of dangerousness and the duty to protect. Gellerman and Suddath (2005) go on to give balanced examples of both harmless and harmful fantasies. In their comparisons of both sides and in both populations, un-incarcerated and criminal, together with their overall review of the literature they used, they suggest that as fantasies of murder were fairly common in general Western European and American populations, and a range of fantasies of aggression and sexual violence were less common, but were by no means rare, people should bear in mind that this high prevalence of homicidal and sexually aggressive fantasy can only make us question then, to what extent can such fantasies be considered deviant. In addition it should be highlighted that Gellerman and Suddath (2005) found that existing studies have evidently established that many more individuals have homicidal and sexually violent fantasies than act on them. The relationship between violent fantasy and behaviour in these studies was correlative at best, and no suggestions were given in attempt to identifying the minority of individuals with violent fantasies who may be at risk of acting them out. Altogether, it was concluded that predictors better than fantasies alone are the eminence of the fantasies, the concern with them, and the level of preparation and detail, and the history of any past violent behaviours all need to be looked at collectively (Gellerman Suddath, 2005). Another study of interest where aggressive fantasies seek personal pleasure but in a paradoxical way is that of Selby, Anestis Joiner (2007). They reported that suicidal individuals regularly report the reoccurrence of fantasy where they can visualise their death by suicide very clearly in their imagination, almost like watching it on TV. Selby et al (2007) found that many unremittingly suicidal individuals are thought to have a romantic affection for death and as a result, connect themselves in vivid fantasies or daydreams about the process and the after-effects. This somewhat idealistic thought process even appears to be a pleasant motion for them. In desperation of escape from torment and pain (Baumeister, 1990), it seems that the act of suicide is the answer and therefore thinking about the liberation that death would present, perhaps enables suicidal individuals to experience positive affects similar to that of non-suicidal individuals daydreaming or fantasizing about future life events such as holidays (Selby et al, 2007). This daydreaming may actually be a form of emotion dysregulation, in suicidal individuals, one that would appear, perhaps paradoxically, to increase positive affect yet may increase later risk for serious suicidal behaviour. This psychological state was also considered by Zelin et al (1983). Revenge Fantasies Suicidal behaviour, just like the fantasies they provoke, vary in content and from person to person however for the purpose of this review it should be mentioned that revenge fantasies among many other things, can often be the cause for suicidal behaviour (Mardi Harowitz, 2007). In one way the reason behind the fantasies are similar per se; feelings of rage shame guilt etc., but in another way very different; often unwanted and uncontrollable. Revenge fantasies are described as being beyond normal bitter thoughts and sometimes dangerous. The study conducted by Mardi Harowitz (2007) was an attempt to seek solutions to a hypothetical case demonstrating a problem existing in clinical practice. The method behind this is for the authors to review current data on prevalence, diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment and ultimately conclude treatment recommendations. Again it is brought to attention that the quantity of literature addressing fantasy is limited, Mardi Harowitz (2007) pointed out at the beginning of their paper that revenge fantasies have been discussed in literature, however not adequately addressed, a problem common for most papers in this review. Like all other fantasies per se, revenge fantasies can provide a sense of reinstated purpose and regain of control in an otherwise traumatized life and purely for this purpose it is imperative to assist traumatized individuals in recognizing this. Mardi Harowitz (2007) split the scenario up into sections in sequence to how step by step the scenario would be assessed and addressed in a clinical setting. All important techniques and procedures were discussed such as, the importance of techniques in psychotherapy being put in place with the much needed interpretations and reappraisals and with careful differentiation of rational and irrational beliefs. It was explained that it is then, that the function of revenge fantasies as giving an illusion of strength can be interpreted. Mardi Harowitz (2007) suggest the fact that the results of therapy may be attenuation of symptoms, and revenge fantasies are deep-rooted, there is an important need for informing the patients that revenge fantasies are likely to return, and are frequently generated by things as simple as seeing a movie, being hurt, or entering an irritated mood as a result of fatigue. Mardi Harowitz (2007) go on to explain that the professional should help the patient plan a comeback, which can engage in reviewing a pre-established set of ideas, overall they express that their goal is to help the patient gain a sense of restored control, self-esteem, and self-coherence without resorting to the strong-me property of a revenge fantasy. Taking into account the apparent lack of topic specific resources that provide general information on the influences of fantasy in the general public, and the gaps that seem wide open between studies in fantasy, it seems fair to say that the beginning would be a good place to start. As a result the current study will seek to investigate attitudes of the general public toward fantasies, looking to find out what they think fantasies might be and to what extent they think it is normal for people to have them. It will be hypothesised that most people will believe that a fantasy is a mere thought of imagination detached from reality to satisfy emotional desires without logical or moral constraints and likewise most people will agree that it is normal to have fantasies. It is expected that more people will agree, than disagree, that it is ok and can be accepted as normal for people to have homicidal fantasies. Method Design A between-participants point biserial correlation will be used to analyse the data. The independent variables will be the self report personality inventory (IPIP-NEO) and the attitude measuring questions and the dependent variable will be participants score on the IPIP-NEO and the attitude score. Variables such as gender, age, marital status, housing tenure, regions, employment status, income bracket and criminal convictions will also be considered in relation to participant response to both independent variables. Participants According to G Power participant number should be 191, however, for an equal balance, it will be at least 100 males and 100 females. The male and female participants will be ages of or between 21 and 65, and split between four regions (Glasgow, Paisley, Edinburgh Dundee). Apparatus Participant information sheets (PIS) and consent forms will be given along with questionnaires that will be used to measure psychopathic personality traits (IPIP-NEO) and attitudes on aggressive revenge fantasies. Each participant will be given the same questionnaire to complete. The statistical analysis programme SPSS will be used to analyse and correlate the data. Procedure Each participant will be given a brief introduction of the study and asked if they are willing to take part, if they are willing then they will be asked to carefully read the PIS, sign the consent form, which will be detached from the questionnaire as they will be anonymous, and complete the questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of a self-report personality inventory, the International Personality Item Pool NEO (IPIP-NEO) developed by Witt, Donnellan Blonigen (2009), of which permission for use was granted by Edward A. Witt. This 40 item inventory will measure the psychopathic personality traits of fearless dominance (20 items) and Impulsive Antisociality (20 items) to assess how high or low participants score in comparison with each other. A four-option multiple response (False, Mostly False, Mostly True, True) format and a Likert-type scale will be used (False = 1, Mostly False = 2, Mostly True = 3, True = 4) to measure the data. In exception, the 1st, 4th, 9th, 14th, 15th,16th and 17th questions of Fearless Dominance will be measured in reverse scale. The second part of the questionnaire consists of 10 questions regarding attitudes toward people having revenge fantasies. Again, a four-option multiple response (strongly disagree, disagree, agree, strongly agree) format and a Likert-type scale will be used (strongly disagree = 1, disagree = 2, agree = 3, strongly agree = 4) to measure the data. Reference Baumeister, R. F. (1990). Suicide as Escape from Self. Psychological Review, 97, 90-113. Egan, V. Campbell, V. (2009) Sensational Interests, Sustaining Fantasies and Personality Predict Physical Aggression. Personality and Individual Differences, 47, 464-469 Gellerman, D. M. Suddath, R. (2005). Violent Fantasy, Dangerousness, and the Duty to Warn and Protect. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatric Law, 33, 484-495. Greenwald, D. F. Harder, D. W. (1994). Sustaining Fantasies and Psychopathology in a Normal Sample. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 50, 705-708. Greenwald, D. F. Harder, D. W. (1995). Sustaining Fantasies, Daydreams, and Psychopathology. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 51, 719-726. Greenwald, D. F. Harder, D. W. (1997). Fantasies, Coping Behaviour, and Psychopathology. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 53, 91-97. Harder, D. W. Zelin, M. L. (1984). Sustaining Fantasies and Self-Concept Among College Students. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 40, 743-748 Mardi, J. Harowitz, M. D. (2007). Understanding and Ameliorating Revenge Fantasies in Psychotherapy. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 24-27. Selby, E. A., Anestis, M. D. Joiner Jr, T. E. (2007). Daydreaming About Death: Violent Daydreaming as a Form of Emotion Dysregulation in Suicidality. Behavior Modification, 31, 867-879. Singer, J. L. Antrobus, J. S. (1972). Daydreaming, Imaginal Processes and Personality: A Normative Study. In P. W. Sheehan (Ed.). The function and nature of imagery. (pp. 175-202). New York: Academic Press. Witt, E. A., Donnellan, M. B. Blonigen, D. M. (2009). Using Existing Self-Report Inventories to Measure the Psychopathic Personality Trait of Fearless Dominance and Impulsive Antisociality. Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 1006-1016. Zelin, M. L., Bernstein, S. B., Heijn, C., Jampel, R. M., Myerson, P. G., Adler, G., Buie, D. H. Rizzuto, A. M. (1983). The Sustaining Fantasy Questionnaire: Measurement of Sustaining Functions in Psychiatric Inpatients. Journal of Personality Assessment, 47, 427- 439.