Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome :: essays research papers

     Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome is one of over 7000 known inherited diseases. It is an autosomal dominant disease that affects about 10% of the population.1 The history of VHL reaches back to 1864 when divide reports of knots of blood vessels known as hemangioblastomas on the retina surfaced and were written up by opthamolagists. Eu constituent Von Hippel, a German opthamologist is credited with discovering the familial nature of the disease, however Swedish pathologist Arvid Lindau was the one who suggested that these hemangioblastomas are part of a larger "angiomatus involving knots of blood vessels lesion of the central nervous system." Additional reports of affected small families confermed Lindaus theory. In 1964, Melmon and Rosen summarized all knowlege of the disease and coined the crap "Von Hippel-Lindau." The invention of ultrasound aided detection in the late 1970s, and by the mid 1980s, MRI was commonly used for detection of angiomas on the spine. In 1993, the VHL gene was located by researchers at the National Cancer Institute.     Patients with VHL suffer tumors known as angiomas (they are referred to as hemangioblastomas when discussing the retina, brain, or spinal chord and pheochromocytomas when discussing the adrenal glands) consisting of flyspeck knots of blood vessels. These angiomas can occur in the brain, spinal cord, retina, adrenal glands, kidney, pancreas, and very rarely in the epididymis is men and the fallopian tubes in women. Based on these manifestations, scientists substantiate identify two types of VHL 1) without pheochromocytoma 2) with pheochromocytoma. VHL type 2 has further been divided into two subcatagories 2a) without pancreatic cysts 2b) with pancreatic cysts. VHL type 1 is the most common form of the disease. Scientists submit also identified trends in race associated with manifestations of VHL French families are most likely to have pancreatic cysts, German fa milies are most likely to have pheochromocytomas, and Japanese families are more likely to have kidney tumors2.     When hemangioblastomas form in the retina, they start out very small and difficult to detect. They tend to grow near the equator of the retina (See Fig 1), far from the area of central vision. A very indepth opthamological examination is required to detect hemangioblastomastomas of the retina. Once discovered, there are two main options for intervention laser surgery or cryotherapy (freezing). The goal of these treatments is to keep the hemangioblastomas from growing.     Hemangioblastomas in the brain and spinal cord can be a bit more dangerous. earlier signs of a growth in these areas may include back pain, headaches, numbness, dizziness, and weakness or pain in the arms or legs.

Arthur Miller :: essays research papers

Figure it out. Work a lifetime to pay for a house. You finally own it, and theres no genius to live in it. This line was from the 1949 play Death of a Salesman. In his early years milling machine wrote plays, but none of them were produced. Death of a Salesman was not his first success, but was still widely admired. He grew to become one of the centurys greatest American dramatists. However this title was not easily achieved. After growing up in Harlem and working the Brooklyn Navy Yard to becoming a Pulitzer Prize winner, Arthur milling machine is held with high respect. Miller had a lifelong dream. That dream was to become a famous playwright. With a lot of hard times and struggles, he reached his goal.Miller went through college with many failed and unpublished plays. Still, he never gave up hope. Finally he hit one success which kept him on the Broadway stage for several decades to come. Arthur Miller is a New York innate(p) American playwright who developed a reputation by dea ling with political and moral issues through his plays. However, this is just the tip of the iceberg with it comes to the story of Arthur Miller. Arthur Miller was a good man, and with a good man comes character strengths. He al shipway put forth the effort to judge a man by his rightful position and his fair play. He also attempted to judge a man by his moral sanity and his welfare of the community (Foner and Garraty, 1). Miller never judged someone based upon a first impression. He made great attempts to know people thoroughly before finally judging them. This was one of the greater strengths he posses in life. This helped him build the reputation that stuck with him over the years and that he became known for.However, Miller had a contradicting weakness along with his strength. He had an set to express his judgement, which became a downfall for him. This one weakness lead to showing his views and opinions openly. This often interrupted the more subtle interplay between social a nd psychological ways that others were accustom too (Foner and Garraty, 2). Miller was good in giving it time to accurately know a person before judging him, but often showed his views too eagerly, which did not come off well to the public.In all the years Miller wrote plays, he had one goal in mind when he wrote.

Essay on Literacy in African-American Literature -- compare and contras

Levels of Literacy in African-American Literature - Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, melodic phrase of Solomon, and Push Through literacy will throw in emancipation. So runs a theme throughout the various selections we drive home read thus far. But emancipation comes in many forms, as does literacy. The various aspects of schoolman literacy are rather obvious in relation to emancipation, especially when one is confronted with exclusion from membership in the dominant culture. In the various slave narratives we have examined, all but one writer, Mary Prince, managed to achieve academic literacy to varying degrees (although, Mary Prince was in the process of learning to read and write). And even though she was not literate, Mary was still able to have her story told. Frederick Douglass, made it a point to attain literacy at any cost. Most, but not all, of Toni Morrisons characters in Song of Solomon appear to have attained at least a modicum of literacy. In Push, Sap phire has her protagonist, Precious, pointed down a long road toward at least a minimal form of academic literacy that will allow her to become a more than functional human being and a much more productive member of society. What part does literacy play in the advancement of the individual, and to what lengths will one go to achieve it? What part must the individual play to make authentic that literacy leads to the desired or implied advancement? And, finally, is there a cost for literacy, or is it always something gained? Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass As a relatively young man, Frederick Douglass discovers, in his Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, that learning to read and write can be his path to freedom. Upon discovering that... ...he past, but Douglass and Precious can use their connections with the past as manner to avoid its mistakes. So all three find a personal use for what once was reality as a promise for a more fulfilling reality in the fut ure. And in a certain sense, all three find emancipation through their disparate relationships with literacy. Works Cited Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. The unstained Slave Narratives. Ed. Henry Louis Gates, Jr. New York New American Library, 1987. 243-331. Gates, Henry Louis. The Classic Slave Narratives. New York New American Library, 1987. Graff, Harvey J. The Literacy Myth Literacy and Social body structure in the Nineteenth-Century City. New York Academic Press, 1979. Morrison, Toni. Song of Solomon. New York Penguin Books USA, Inc., 1987. Sapphire. Push. New York Vintage Books, 1996.

How does ICT affect both family and society? :: ICT Essays

thither may be a reduced outlet of manual jobs. This is becausecomputers and machinery can be used instead. ICT allows you to work from home. This is an advantage of notravelling and being able to live in any part of the country. There may be a reduction of jobs available because of the decreasein manual work. This would cause an increase in unemployment. The use of ICT gives the opportunity to work for yourself. It similarlymakes it a lot easier than doing the work manually. There is the need to continually update worker skills, especiallythose who no longer spend course of study after year doing the same job. ICT can create new and interesting jobs. These can include jobs suchas a computer programmer. This would also may work to a greater extent enjoyable. With the increase in ICT there is the de-skilling or elimination ofsome office jobs.How will the new ICT scheme affect the family?A new ICT system is probable to affect the family in question, indifferent focusings. Howeve r, it is likely to make the life of these peoplea lot easier and more than manageable. It also allows you to be moreorganised.A Computer is especially helpful to school children and those whowork. This is because using a computer is less time consuming, thancompared to the manually writing everything up. It therefore makeslife easier. Copies can be easily made meaning the family will nothave to spends hours upon end rewriting documents.A new ICT system would allow the family to have improvedcommunications around the world. The system would be equipped with theInternet and email service providers, such as Microsoft Outlook andLycos. These facilities would allow the family to communicate with therest of the world more easily. MSN messenger would be useful tochildren in the family and would also be convenient for work.The use of email is both quicker and more convenient than writing aletter. You can receive many attachments that you may have sentyourself or other people have sent. Ema il is a reasonably secure wayof communication because you need a password to access your account.It is also useful because you can access your email from any server.You can also keep in contact with the family, no matter how far awaythey live.The family would have access to news on everyday events etc, via theInternet search engines and encyclopaedias.A new ICT system would allow the family to produce documents,databases, images, recordings etc. This is a lot less stressful than

I Am a Ponarvian :: Personal Narrative Essays

I Am a Ponarvian   Some of you confirm already scoured the dictionary in vain for a rendering of the word Ponarvian. One of my greatest ambitions is to get this word safely into Websters where it belongs. Until that happy time, the following definition testament have to do   PONARV (PO narv) n. acronym A spew of no app bent redeeming value. Hence, Ponarvian one who pursues such projects.   It is my contention that not some, but MOST of the greatest human triumphs in art, science, and technology have their rootage in the humble ponarv. All ponarvians, whatever their age, are children who simply like to play. If you ask them to justify their behavior, they will be unable to do so, or will erect what can only be described as a playful response. Basically, they just cant help it. They like to play.   Throughout history, all great ponarvians have been border by suffocating masses of anti-ponarvians. The anti-ponarvian is a gloomy person who divides the world in to work and play, and who sees play as a regrettable lapse in the full of life and unceasing interest of work. They define work as an activity which leads DIRECTLY to something valuable, and the only things they value are those things like food and shelter which alter them to die long enough to procreate and produce more workers. To an anti-ponarvian, play is like sleep, a biological necessity which interferes with work and should therefore be minimized. They jazz to number the fable of the grasshopper and the ant but never stop to consider that this story was written by an ant. They are the early birds up at the pellet of dawn, catching worms.   Poets and pure mathematicians are ponarvians by definition. Mathematicians are sometimes forgiven by the anti-ponarvian masses because the equations they drop to one side in their foolish pursuit of lovely theorems and pleasing symmetries can be used to build factories which produce canons which can then be used to level factor ies (canons and factories are useful). scarcely poets are eternally damned in the eyes of the anti-ponarvians because, after all, there is no money to made in poetry.   It is one of natures greatest ironies that these very poets and mathematicians so hated by the anti-ponarvians, these idle dreamers and crackpot inventors, are the very source of all the gadgetry and innovation which anti-ponarvians hold in such high esteem.I Am a Ponarvian Personal Narrative Essays I Am a Ponarvian   Some of you have already scoured the dictionary in vain for a definition of the word Ponarvian. One of my greatest ambitions is to get this word safely into Websters where it belongs. Until that happy time, the following definition will have to do   PONARV (PO narv) n. acronym A project of no apparent redeeming value. Hence, Ponarvian one who pursues such projects.   It is my contention that not some, but MOST of the greatest human triumphs in art, science, and technology have t heir root in the humble ponarv. All ponarvians, whatever their age, are children who simply like to play. If you ask them to justify their behavior, they will be unable to do so, or will provide what can only be described as a playful response. Basically, they just cant help it. They like to play.   Throughout history, all great ponarvians have been surrounded by suffocating masses of anti-ponarvians. The anti-ponarvian is a gloomy person who divides the world into work and play, and who sees play as a regrettable lapse in the vital and unceasing pursuit of work. They define work as an activity which leads DIRECTLY to something valuable, and the only things they value are those things like food and shelter which enable them to survive long enough to procreate and produce more workers. To an anti-ponarvian, play is like sleep, a biological necessity which interferes with work and should therefore be minimized. They love to recite the fable of the grasshopper and the ant but neve r stop to consider that this story was written by an ant. They are the early birds up at the crack of dawn, catching worms.   Poets and pure mathematicians are ponarvians by definition. Mathematicians are sometimes forgiven by the anti-ponarvian masses because the equations they drop to one side in their foolish pursuit of elegant theorems and pleasing symmetries can be used to build factories which produce canons which can then be used to level factories (canons and factories are useful). But poets are eternally damned in the eyes of the anti-ponarvians because, after all, there is no money to made in poetry.   It is one of natures greatest ironies that these very poets and mathematicians so despised by the anti-ponarvians, these idle dreamers and crackpot inventors, are the very source of all the gadgetry and innovation which anti-ponarvians hold in such high esteem.

The Wild West in the 1800s :: essays research papers

Sanitary conditions in the West were practic all(prenominal)y non-existent. In the cities, horse manure cover the streets. Housewives emptied garbage, dishwater, and house pots into the middle of the city streets where free-roaming pigs devoured the waste. The pigs left their urine and feces on the streets. It was not easy to wash clothes. Many people had clothes splattered with manure, mud, sweat, and baccy juice. Privies, or necessary houses were often to close to the homes with a very noticeable odor on hot and/or windy days. If a family had a kitchen, all the members washed at the sink each day, without soap, rubbing the dirt off with a coarse towel. Eventually, many cold bedrooms had a basin, ewer (pitcher), cup, and cupboard chamber pot. Bed bugs and fleas covered many of the travelers beds. Isaac Weld saw filthy beds swarming with bugs. These insects followed the travelers, crawling on their clothes and skin. Alcohol consumption was at an all time risque at the late 1820s. Elbridge Boyden, architect and builder, said that alcohol was used as commonly as the food we ate. It was a symbol of hospitality and fellowship. Drinking and conflict (a knock-down) went together. The violent fights involved gouging, in which a person looses an eye.Early America was sexually active. One third of the brides were pregnant on their wedding day. Sexual transaction were a part of courtship. Bundling was the custom that allowed couples to sleep on the same bed without undressing. Erastus Worthington, a local historian, noticed the custom in 1828, of females admitting young manpower to their beds, who sought their company in marriage. In large cities, prostitution became more common and was priced according to location.Tobacco usage was wide spread because it was cheap, homegrown, and duty free. Short, thick, body pipes were used, although snuff and powdered tobacco were inhaled.

University Students Should Wear Uniforms

Recently, we know that the world(prenominal) warming had become big crises that carry on not only in our country but it excessively occurs at other country for example Australia, Japan, and England. Physically, if we look what happened around us, due to the development of buildings, woodwind instrument deforestation and open burning. This shows that we are not very concern about how important taking care of our earth as we want the best to treasure it from any pollution especially global warming.Besides, if there is a lot of process of development that occurs, peradventure it bequeath destroy our ecosystem. Besides that, as we know, global warming evoke be defined as the earths average temperature increases. The average temperature in our earth is increasing due to human activities that occurs a long time ago until now it gives negative effects to our environment for example droughts, melting of polar ice and glaciers causing a rise in sea level, change in wind directions a nd weather patterns.We can handle it by contributing an awareness execute, which if global warming do not occur, maybe a lot of people know how to take care of our earth , but in reality they are still do not take a shit what they are doing whether it is good or bad. Among the awareness campaign which can handle the global warming from human and globalization are the celebration of Earths Day that was held in social class of 2011 every 22 April. This celebration was held to aware everyone how important protects or conserves our earth.A lot of people do not bring to pass the existence of this earths day, but some of them who are really love nature or the association of a love nature will involved themselves in giving awareness to the others so that they will not too greedy to destroy our earth. A part of that, the Kyoto Protocol is an international accord signed by countries was held 11 December 1997 as they are committed to the reduction of release in greenhouse effect such as coulomb dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous dioxide (N2O) and chlorofluorocarbon (CFCS), besides they want to ensure that the reduction of release in gases by the rate of 5. percent in 2010 rather than in family of 1992. The negative effects can be reduced if every individual plays an important role in limiting the release of greenhouse gases. In addition, since year of 1992, the Unity of national countries of environment and development (UNCED) or now it is known as the Council of Rio Culmination had organized an awareness campaign about the global warming. This campaign had reached to the highest level. Among the matter that is approved, rich countries are needed to reduce the pollution in their countries help a development country manage the energy generator efficiently.Besides, they also want to reduce the poverty, increase the quality of water, use more clean energy, a better administration, and use product that nature friendly. Nevertheless, their result were not achieved due to some of the countries try to make their own action Furthermore, Earth min is another of the awareness campaign that is organized by World Wildlife Fund (WWF) get-go from the year of 2004 by WWF Australia. This celebration was held every year on 26 March which it will celebrate by switch off all the lights scratch from 8. 30pm until 9. 30pm.Why this campaign was held? This is because a lot of countries had through a badly changing temperature such as Myanmar, Honduras, Vietnam, Nicaragua, India, Haiti, Republic Dominica, Filipina and China. These are the list of the top 10 of the countries that brook the phenomenon of global warming. A part of that, Bangladesh also through a badly changing temperature which based on the statistic between 1990 and 2008 which the average of their residents died out there are 8240 people every year. A rise in sea level every year also gives harm to them who live near the beach.The Earth Hour is one of the awareness campaigns that achieved red ucing 10% of the effect of the global warming. Why? This is because a lot of countries besides Malaysia also show their concern in manner of speaking the earth. Many people around the world do not realized if we keep reducing the use of energy or reduce the burning of fogey fuels maybe we can avoid from the global warming from occur. So thats why even only 10%, if we make it every year, maybe we can reduce the effects of the global warming until 50% to 80% in a decade.

Government Welfare

Obviously not, Welfare, at the government level, is mainly monies given to promote the basic physical and material eudaemonia of people in emergency. This would include survivor benefits given to the widow/widowers of service-members. I dont feel all areas of welfare should be abolished for instance the WIC course of study which provides vouchers to low income mothers to assist in buying formula and healthy foods in which would not be possible without the program.The price of baby formula can be very expensive in which millions of children would suffer from hunger, unhealthy diets and other health problems in regards to nutritional factors. Sometimes, its just a matter of helping someone whos scratch off on their luck for a short time, and then there are cases where youve got an elderly person who is all only when and needs some assistance. However, corporate welfare should be abolished, and regular welfare should be better managed. Anyone who is on welfare should be required to exit or go to school 40 hours a week to get their check welfare should be a hand up, not a hand out.I think some people definitely need help. Sometimes, its just a matter of helping someone whos down on their luck for a short time, and then theres cases where youve got an elderly person who is all alone and needs some assistance. However, corporate welfare should be abolished, and regular welfare should be better managed. Anyone who is on welfare should be required to work or go to school 40 hours a week to get their check welfare should be a hand up, not a hand out.The governance is so bloated and unmanageable that it allows many people to abuse it. Abolishing welfare would truly be one of the most unthinkable things to do to our fellow men and women not to mention the children involved who werent quite as Lucky as many of us put on been in life. The Family Support Act, Americas most recent struggle at welfare reform, begins to take effect this year. The new law seeks to get s ingle mothers off welfare through a combination of job training, work requirements, child care subsidies, and child support enforcement.Cutting the welfare rolls is, in turn, supposed to save the taxpayer money while enhancing the self-respect of single mothers and their children. ( http//prospect. org/article/real-welfare-problem) Some Democrats consider the 1996 welfare reform is better than the recommendations of the Obama Administration. The House voted Thursday (September 20, 2012) to block the Obama Administrations unilateral weakening of welfares work requirements, and political reporters are writing it off as a partisan primal scream if they notice at all. (Unknown, 2012)All Republicans and nineteen Democrats showed their dislike of the current administrations path down the welfare reform road with an astounding 250-164 beat over welfare reform recommendations. Thats one-tenth of the Democratic caucus joining with the Republicans to say our people need welfare in its curren t severalize during these hard economic times. The Reform Act was started during the Clinton Administration in August of 1996. However, welfare has been a controversial issue since the 1960s.It was not until the late 1980s, when the citizens were concerned and communicate for some kind of reform to the welfare system. I do think that over the years there have been many changes to welfare programs. Many of these changes have been good, although some have been bad. The current welfare program will not see any beneficial changes until someone offers a more beneficial modal value of doing things. Unfortunately there have been very few ideas to change the welfare system. Hopefully in the future this changes.

Personal Philosophy of Teaching Essay

Give a man a fish and you consort him for a day, Teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime. Chinese ProverbI came across this quote back in auxiliary school when I was bringing the books to my Chinese teachers desk. Never would I have thought it would relate to me so closely. As an premature childhood educator, our aim is to provide quality education and care to the preschoolers in our care. clawren are the future of our country, therefore comes the importance of education. I believe that children are born a blank slate (Locke, 1704) , and they behave like sponges, therefore they will retain and retrieve as much information that are passed to them. There is a pre destiny footstallard that is set for each educator for each level, but beyond that , my main goal as an educator is to provide an environment for constant nurture and discovery for both the children and myself. Through instilling a love of learning in every student, i hope to ignite their love for learning both in and beyond the classrooms.Building relationships is the first step to everything. Not only can I get ahead the trust of the children, but the parents as well. When I gain the trust of the child and the parents, not only will it allows me insights of their family environment and beliefs, it also opens a window of conversation with the child. I can get to know to a greater extent about the childs hobbies, likes and dislikes and learning styles. This would allow me to approach the child in a much appropriate manner or revise the plan to cater to his/her needs. When a child is comfortable in the classroom because they know that they are in safe hands, they would in turn open up more and share more ideas. This also makes the child feel respected.Parental involvement is an important aspect building relationships. Having an idea of what are the parents expectations and addressing a clear stand of my expectations of the children, yet being open to their thoughts and feedbacks wo uld be crucial especially to a new teacher like me. Also, updates, newsletters and calls help the parents to have an idea of the childs performance in school, and these are usually doubles as record ofthe development of the child.Literacy and language are skills that I feel are essential to everyone. The index to achieve the different levels of reading and writing not only helps indicates the childs developmental milestone, but also contributes to the childs social skill. social skills are life skills that the children take with them out of the classrooms and into society.Experimental learning is another vital life skills that I believe all children should possess. Therefore I get through to make all the learning in my classrooms as relatable to real life as possible. The authentic learning allows the children to have hands on experience with the subjects as they grow and learn to engage themselves in the real world. Being able to make connections by linking the things they learn in the class to the society is important, but fashioning the classroom a conducive place for their classmates is too. Such social and emotional skills are difficult to impart as they are rarely textbook found but rather being felt, therefore cooperative play is highly encouraged in the classroom as well.Meaningful learning experiences cannot happen without a properly equipped classroom. Excellent classroom managements like the inclusion of routines, procedures and also the use of positive reinforcements not only help to maintain order in the classrooms but allow children to feel safe and valued. Indeed, teaching a man to fish an last him for a life time. Likewise, instilling the love of learning indoors the children will inspire them to continue the lifelong pursuit of wisdom and knowledge even after the educational process has been completed. Though these beliefs are the essence of my school of thought as an early childhood educator, but to cater to the constant change and eve r-evolving of the needs of society, the philosophies are reviewed from time to time to help better evaluate in the flesh(predicate) progress and achieve goals.ReferencesMouner. M (2013) http//www.quotationspage.com/quote/2279.htmlBurns,M.S, Johnson R,T & Assaf M,M (2011) Preschool education in todays world teaching children with diverse backgrounds and abilities(USA, Baltimore)Meggitt, C (2012) Teach Yourself , Understanding Child Development (London)Feeney, S, Christensen,D & Moravcik, E (2006) 7th Edition Who am I in the lives of children An introduction to early childhood education.(Upper Saddle River, New Jersey) Pearson Education Inc.Ministry of Education (2012) Nurturing early learners, A curriculum framework for kindergartens in Singapore.(Singapore, Singpore)Asian International College (2011) Principles and practices in early childhood care and education ECE 101The Gale Groups (2008) Encyclopaedia of children and childhood in history and society John Locke ( http//www.faq s.org/childhood/Ke-Me/Locke-John-1632-1704.html)

Forensic Scientists in Law Enforcement Essay

With the advancement in information technology, the complexity of criminal cases has likewise increased. This has led to rising incidences of highly sophisticated crimes that contain a well grounded examine that can help prosecutors to proof an individual guilty before a dally of law. This can be done successfully by use of rhetorical science. Due to this it can be fully agreed that more rhetorical scientists should be employed in endeavor to have it off with the rising cases of crime whose justification in court following due process is a challenge (Fridell, 2006, p.27).If more rhetorical scientists are deployed, they pass on suffice in the investigation of numerous cases on downfall of key financial and non-financial organizations that has been due to mismanagement of funds by misappropriation ,embezzlement and corruption. Here, the forensic accountants go forth vivify a critical role in gathering, analyzing interpreting and examination to search for accounting evidenc e that can be used for the successful criminal prosecution of the offenders (Barnie, 2007, p. 11).The inspection of crime by the security institutions currently utilizes digital technology for tracking crimes using CCTV cameras. This means more digital forensics are required to retrieve the digital images, reconstruct and interpret them so as obtain evidence that prosecute a person in accordance with the law of land. Therefore, the employment of more forensic scientists will make digital forensics more available. Currently, crimes related to documentations such as forgery of signature and certificates are common.If more forensic specialists are employed at an increasing rate, they will help in forensic examinations of these documents by analyzing and interpreting the results using handwriting and printmaking techniques for gathering evidence that is sufficient for enforcement of the law. Another area where forensic specialists can assist is in the field of economics for obtaining e vidence required for respecting economic damages which include replacement of labor, loss of benefits and allowances, future medical expenses and be and business proceeds (Moore, 2001, p.14). More forensic scientists will make it easier to study engineering failures of buildings and machines. By utilizing engineering forensic science, the police and legal practitioners will be able to discover the source of the failures and who are responsible for them. This kind of evidence will form a firm ground for enforcement of the law through prosecution of the identified victims. More forensic specialist if employed will help in resolving cases that are related to mental problems.The forensic psychologists and psychiatrists will study, assess and identify illnesses associated with mental disorders and human way of living in order to acquire sufficient evidence for the court s benefit which may be predisposing factors towards criminal activities (Fridell, 2006, p. 35. Another area which wil l benefit from employment of more forensic scientist is the field of criminology.This would be through the use of combination in evidence from impressions like foot wears and finger print, control materials and remains evidence which are used for the examination of the validity held in the criminal evidence. Forensic biology also stand to benefit through employment of more forensic scientists who be used in conducting serological and DNA analysis of models of obtained from body fluids and parts.The information obtained from this sample can be used for identification of suspect individuals who are at the scene of crime for trial in the courts of law. Sometimes, people die and get bury secretly thus making it difficulty to identify them due to lack of specialists who have knowledge and skills for relating human remains. Employment of forensic entomologists will assist in shading more light in such ambiguous situations where the courts require evidence of details like time and locati on of the death.More such experts will assist in using pathology knowledge in providing evidence for inquiry commissions investigating unknown possible causes of death (Ben, 2001, p. 21). The modern world is characterized with perpetual cases of chemic pollutions which are toxic to all living organisms. These pollutants cause numerous cases of deaths that go unidentified due to lack of specialists with technical skills and knowledge for studying , analyzing and relating the toxic effects of the pollutants to the organisms hence the producers of this pollutants go scout free.If more forensic toxicologist are employed, there will be sufficient evidence for prosecuting the polluter in a court of law where they can compensate those affected by the circumstance (Ben, 2001, p. 19). Employment of more forensic experts will focus weather conditions in specific areas been examined. This will be helpful in searching for evidence for causes of many aeronautical accidents that remain unresolv ed due to lack of tangible proof of their root causes.such(prenominal) situations have led to failure of compensation by insurance companies to the airline companies. The same has been the benchmark towards various aviation related crimes which can then be adequately addressed through forensic science (Fridell, 2006, p. 43). It is also important to employ more forensic specialists since they will provide specialized and highly demanded interpretation skills of different languages that are necessary for legal evidence. This will assist a lot in areas that are multi-linguistic diverse.In conclusion therefore, employment of more forensic scientists accrues more benefits and will boost the judicial system in its principal objective of providing justice equitably to all. Reference Barnie Adrian (2007) Fundamentals of Forensic Science. Security Management, Vol. 51, pp. 11 Ben Rothke (2001) Digital Evidence and Computer Crime Forensic Science, Computers and Internet. Security Management, V ol. 45, pp. 21, 29 Fridell Ron (2006) Forensic Science. London, Routledge, pp. 27, 35, 43 Moore Grace (2001) Detective Fiction and the Rise of Forensic Science. comminuted Survey, Vol. 13, pp. 14

Swift vs. Machiavelli: Government

Swift vs. Machiavelli Government Brandi Barnes Weve all heard of governments over the yearsanarchy, dictatorship, communismwho draw reind with a firm hand and a screen eye. To be frank, some were just ruthless. But how do they lead? Strong? Weak? Or a little of both? Machiavellis purpose how to rule in a manner that shows power and how to instill that power over the people swiftly. Swifts purpose recognize the kind of cold, calculating barbarity of blunt rationalism when used to address social problems such as poverty as hygienic as overpopulation.In The Morals of the Prince, he is somewhat further the rulers to be harsh, but also be generous to show that he can give and take away because he has the authority. On the contrary, A base Proposal is stating that the coldness of turning a blind eye to the situation is one of inhumanity. To begin with, both prove their cases very differently, affecting their audience in the most profound ways. Yet, there is one more effective than t he otherSwift.Through the entire satirical piece, Swift is mocking the heartless attitude towards the poor. The wealth of a country is based on one thing the poverty of the majority of its citizens. The English government was well aware of the two situations pointed out in this essay, besides they chose to sit there and do nothing about it. Instead, they withdraw their natural rights and dehumanize them by viewing them as a commodity.Swifts comment That it depart prevent those voluntary abortions, and that horrid practice of women murdering their bastard childrenis one of the ways he shows the government taking away a natural right separately mother has, but then goes on to say, I doubt more to avoid the expense than the shame to show how the government yet again is well aware of the dire situation, but they instead supported it by paying her to get rid of her child. Shifting into a new perspective, Machiavellis view towards the government is somewhat a paradoxical one.With each statement he makes, he presents is well then contradicts. He may make examples of very few, but he will be more merciful in reality than those who, in their tenderheartedness, allow disorders to occur, this shows Machiavellis perspective on the government saying that the one covering the consequences to the people know what happen if they disobeyed him instills that bit of fear, and that he will be more successful than a leader who is never stern and allows the people to liberty chit all over him.By showing this certain authority, it ties back into his main purpose of establishing and maintaining power throughout their reign. To wrap things together, both Machiavelli and Swift are using a serious tone to present the same underlying topic the government ruling. One is mocking it by showing how they pay money to have these children and serve their families and the other is saying rule in a harsh but generous manner.In a plethora of ways, A Modest Proposal is exemplification to Mach iavellis views on how to be an effective leader, but also contradicts on saying that some those exact views listed in The Morals of a Prince is inhuman and heartless. Swift directs his focal point to just that of poverty and overpopulation, allowing us to see a broader reasoning behind his mocking tone towards the government as opposed to Machiavelli using an place of examples. Through both readings, they present and utilize their sole purposes for writing them. Despite their contradictions, they are still very similar to one another.

Properties of Solutions Essay

A result is a mixture of materials, one of which is usually a fluid. A fluid is a material that flows, such as a watery or a gas. The fluid of a re re upshot is usually the solvent. The material other than the solvent is the solute. We say that we dissolve the solute into the solvent. virtually solutions atomic military issue 18 so common to us that we give them a unique name. A solution of water and sugar is called syrup. A solution of sodium chloride (common delay salt) in water is called brine. A sterilized specific concentration (0.15 hoagie) of sodium chloride in water is called saline. A solution of carbon dioxide in water is called seltzer, and a solution of ammonia gas in water is called ammonia water. A solution is said to be dilute if there is less of the solute. The work at of adding much solvent to a solution or removing about of the solute is called diluting.A solution is said to be concentrated if it has to a greater extent solute. The process of adding more solute or removing some of the solvent is called concentrating. The concentration of a solution is some measurement of how much solute there is in the solution. It might initially offend your sensibilities to consider a solution in which the solvent is a gas or a solid. The molecules of a gas do not have much interaction among them, and so do not participate to a large extent in the dissolving process. Solids are difficult to consider as solvents because there is a lack of consummation of the particles of a solid relative to know apartly other.There are, however, some good reasons to view some mixtures of these instances as solutions. The molecules of a gas do knock against each other, and the motion of a gas female genitalia assist in vaporizing material from a liquid or solid state. The fan in a rhyme free home freezer moves melodic phrase around inside the freezer to sublimate any exposed ice directly into water vapor, a process clearly akin to dissolving. Solid metals st op absorb hydrogen gas in a mixing process in which the metal clearly provides the structure. truthful solutions with liquid solvents have the following propertiesPROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS1.The particles of solute are the size of individual atomic molecules or individual small ions. One nanometer is about the maximum diam for a solute particle. 2.The mixture does not separate on standing. In a gravity environment the solution will not come apart cod to any difference in density of the materials in the solution. 3.The mixture does not separateby common fiber filter. The entire solution will cut into through the filter. 4.Once it is completely mixed, the mixture is homogeneous. If you take a sample of the solution from any pointedness in the solution, the proportions of the materials will be the same. 5.The mixture appears clear sort of than complicated. It may have some color to it, but it seems to be transparent otherwise. The mixture shows no Tyndall effect. Light is not scat tered by the solution. If you shine a uncontaminating into the solution, the pathway of the light through the solution is not revealed to an observer out of the pathway.6.The solute is completely dissolved into the solvent up to a point typical of the solvent, solute, and temperature. At a saturation point the solvent no longer can dissolve any more of the solute. If there is a saturation point, the point is distinct and characteristic of the type of materials and temperature of the solution. 7.The solution of an ionic material into water will result in an electrolyte solution. The ions of solute will separate in water to license the solution to carry an electric current. 8.The solution shows an increase in osmotic pressure between it and a reference solution as the kernel of solute is increased. 9.The solution shows an increase in boiling point as the amount of solute is increased.10.The solution shows a decrease in melting point as the amount of solute is increased. 11.A soluti on of a solid non-volatile solute in a liquid solvent shows a decrease in vapor pressure above the solution as the amount of solute is increased. These last four of the properties of solutions collectively are called colligative properties. These characteristics are all dependent only on the get along of particles of solute rather than the type of particle or the aggregated of material in solution.OTHER TYPES OF MIXTURETake a spoonful of dirt and vigorously mix it with a glass of water. As soon as you stop mixing, a portion of the dirt drops to the bottom. Any material that is suspended by the fluid motion alone is only in temporary suspension. A portion of the dirt makes a true solution in the water with all of the properties of the above table, but there are some particles, having a diameter roughly between 1 nm and 500 nm, that are suspended in a more lasting fashion. A suspended mixture of particles of this type is called a colloid, or colloidal suspension, or colloidal sprea ding. For colloids ortemporary suspensions the phrase scatter material or the word dispersants describes the material in suspension, identical to the solute of a solution. The phrase dispersing medium is used for the material of similar function to a solvent in solutions. As with true solutions, it is a bit of a stretch to consider solids as a dispersing medium or gases as forming a large enough particle to be a colloid, but most texts list some such. A sol is a liquid or solid with a solid dispersed through it, such as draw or gelatin. Foams are liquids or solids with a gas dispersed into them.Emulsions are liquids or solids with liquids dispersed through them, such as butter or gold-tinted glass. Aerosols are colloids with a gas as the dispersing medium and either a solid or liquid dispersant. Fine dust or smoke in the air are good examples of colloidal solid in a gas. Fog and mist are exampes of colloidal liquid in a gas. Liquid dispersion media with solid or liquid dispersant s are the most often considered. Homogenized whole milk is a good example of a liquid dispersed into a liquid. The cream does not break down into molecular sized materials to spread through the milk, but collects in small micelles of oily material and proteins with the more ionic or hydrophilic portions on the outside of the globule and the more fatty, or oily, or non-polar, or hydrophobic portions inside the ball-shaped little particle.Blood carries liquid lipids (fats) in small bundles called lipoproteins with specific proteins making a small package with the fat. Proteins are in a size range to be considered in colloidal suspension in water. Broth or the independent proteins of blood or the casein (an unattached protein) in milk are colloidal. There are legion(predicate) proteins in the cellular fluids of living things that are in colloidal suspension. Colloidal dispersants in water stay in suspension by having a level of charge on the outside of the particle that is attractive to one end of water molecules.The common charge of the particles and the water solvation layer keep the particles dispersed. A Cottrel precipitator collects the smoke particles from air by a high voltage charge and collection device. Boiling an egg will denature and coagulate the protein in it. Proteins can be fractionally salted out of blood by adding specific amounts of sodium chloride to make the proteins coagulate. The salt adds ions to the liquid that interfere with the dispersion of the colloidal particles. Colloids with liquid as a dispersing agent have the following propertiesPROPERTIES OF COLLOIDS1.The particles of dispersant are the between about 500 nm to 1 nm in diameter. 2.The mixture does not separate on standing in a standard gravity condition. (One g.) 3.The mixture does not separate by common fiber filter, but might be filterable by materials with a smaller mesh. 4.The mixture is not necessarily completely homogeneous, but usually close to being so. 5.The mixture m ay appear cloudy or almost totally transparent, but if you shine a light beam through it, the pathway of the light is visible from any angle. This scattering of light is called the Tyndall effect 6.There usually is not a definite, sharp saturation point at which no more dispersant can be taken by the dispersing agent. 7.The dispersant can be coagulated, or separated by clumping the dispersant particles with heat or an increase in the concentration of ionic particles in solution into the mixture. 8.There is usually only small effect of any of the colligative properties due to the dispersant.CONCENTRATIONThe concentration of a solution is an indication of how much solute there is dissolved into the solvent. There are a number of ways to express concentration of a solution. By far the most used and the most useful of the units of concentration is molarity. You might see 6 M HCl on a reagent bottle. The M is the symbol for molar. One molar is one mol of solute per liter of solution. The reagent bottle has six mols of HCl per liter of acid solution. Since the unit molar rarely appears in the math of chemistry other than as a concentration, to do the unit analysis correctly, you will have to insert concentrations into the math as mols per liter and change answers of mols per liter into molar. Molality is concentration in mols of solute per kilogram of solvent. Mol fraction is the number of mols of solute per number of mols of solution. Weight-weight percent (really mass percent) is the number of grams of solute per grams of solution expressed in the form of a percent.Mass-volume concentration is the number of grams of solute per milliliter of solution. There are other older units of concentration, such as Baum, that are placid in use, mainly in industrial chemicals. Normality is the number of mols of effective material per liter. In acid-base titrations, the hydroxide ion of bases and the hydrogen (hydronium) ion of acids is the effective material. Sulfuric acid (H 2SO4)has ii ionizable hydrogens per formla of acid, or one mol of acid has two mols of ionizable hydrogen. 0.6 M H2SO4 is the same concentration as 1.2 N H2SO4. We say that sulfuric acid is diprotic because it has two protons (hydrogen ions) per practice available.Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is monoprotic, phosphoric acid (H3PO4) is triprotic, and acids with two or more ionizable hydrogens are called polyprotic. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is monobasic, calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) is dibasic, and aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) is tribasic. Where X is the number of available hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions in an acid or base, N, the normality, is equal to the molarity, M, times X. The normality system can be used for oxidation-reduction reactions, but the effective material is now available electrons or absorption sites for electrons. Consider the following reaction, 43 in the redox section. In a sulfuric acid solution potassium permanganate will titrate with oxalic acid to produce manganes e II sulfate, carbon dioxide, water, and potassium sulfate in solution.

Autism Awareness

Autism Aw beness Angi Reid Sisk ESE Instructor Pillar October 24, 2011 Autism Awareness Autism is a disability that affects thousands of squirtren today. The fetchs are yet to be known but thither are m any(prenominal) theories floating around as to how children develop this disorder. More importantly than how they have gotten the diagnosis, is what tidy sum be done do to financial aid them expound in their educational environment. Many of these children are staring take aim and are set about with an entirely new set of challenges early(a) than adjusting to life in a home panorama.There are many common traits that children with autism exhibit educators must be aware of these traits and understand the best focal point to deal with them and different needs cry for by the bookmans delinquent to this disability. It is vital to be knowledgeable in the best teaching strategies and have access to support services and aids available to destine children with this disorder the tools needed to achieve success along with their non-disabled peers. Autism has six distinct characteristics that involve bookmans with the disability, (Turnbull and Wehmeyer, 2009).Several characteristics accompany scholarly persons with autism that coffin nail drastically impact their distributeion in a general classroom environment. One common characteristic that children on the autism spectrum face is difficulty with quarrel. Children with autism are likely to develop speech more slowly than other children. In some children they may never start talking and with others they could develop speech and then lose it suddenly or over a expiration of time. Students with autism may experience the lack of social language skills they female genital organ also exhibit lack of eye contact and unusual facial expressions.These deficiencies are not done intentionally, but because students with autism have an inability to communicate on the same level as their other peers, (Brittish Colum bia Ministry of Education, 2000). For the students who have developed speech it nookie differ in other ways such as odd pitch tones or repetitive speech patterns. In the past studies were done and showed that just about fifty percent of individuals with autism would acquire full use of complete accomplished speech, (Turnbull and Wehmeyer, 2009).Today those statistics have drastically increased and show that with appropriate therapy including help from speech pathologists and other trained educators the number of individuals that increase effective speech has grown to eighty five to ninety percent especially with early intervention. Speech therapists can help children with severe language impairments develop great communication skills and give them the needed skills to better communicate with their peers, (Powers, 2000). Social development is another(prenominal) common characteristic that students with autism share.Many find this characteristic to be the most alarming trait that ch ildren with autism share. Social interaction between autistic students and their classmates and teacher can be extremely difficult. This oftentimes occurs because these students may not have the ability to socialize well with others and could also exhibit other attributes like poor eye contact and can be resistive to encourageing from others including their parents. Autistic students have difficulty understanding the feelings of others and how to distinguish that those feelings are separate from their own.They also have a hard time macrocosm empathetic and understanding the needs of their classmates and instructors, (Turnbull and Wehmeyer, 2009). Commonly children with autism can have a hard time establishing relationships in school settings because they tend to interact with others awkwardly and in a rigid manner, British Colombia Ministry of Education, 2000). Most children with autism do not begin exhibiting the strong lack in social interaction until around the age of both ye ars, (Powers, 2000).The progression that children make socially depends widely on their cognitive development children who are less cognitively impaired ten to react better in social situations. Repetitive or stereotypical behavior is very(prenominal) common and can range from motor movements to repeated verbalizations. Autistic children can have very powerful inte slumbers and preferences that may be quite different from other students in their classroom. Sometimes di deform can be caused accidentally by disrupting a students routine, (Powers, 2000).Unfortunately these behaviors can have a large impact on students learning process and the way that they handle themselves in a classroom. Situations or happenings that can seem insignificant to us can throw them completely off and impede their quality of learning. One reason for this is because students with autism can be insistent with routines organism the same and can have obsessions with certain objects or belongings, (Turnbull an d Wehmeyer, 2009). On many occasions autistic students will have a hard time with inflection from their house to the school environment because of the urgency for the structured routine that they thrive on at home.This characteristic can display stereotyped behaviors such as lining up toys or objects or repetitive flapping of their bodies or toys. Students with autism also have challenges with sensory and movement behavior. Children with these issues can react very otherwise to their peers and various situations in the classroom. Children facing sensory problems may not respond the same to environmental stimuli. They may not have a reaction to something that is lively in the same way that a child without sensory problems would react.On the other hand they could over respond to the stimulant, (Autism Society of North Carolina, 2009). This characteristic could also cause students to exhibit hypersensitivity to light or certain taste, smells, or how objects feel, (Turnbull and Wehme yer, 2009). Sensory issues can cause problems with intervention and teachers should always be aware of the risks that therapy can bring to students due to sensory differences, (Volkmar and Weisner, 2009). Environmental stimuli can be very disturbing and even painful at time for children with autism.This can apply to limited types of sensory stimulant drug or all forms of it this can be caused by a disorder with the childs sensory bear upon, An individuals tactile system which includes the disrobe and brain allows a person to perceive and respond in the right manner to experiences in the environment, for example staying away from fire or snuggling up with pleasure in a cozy throw blanket. When autistic students have problems or disturbances in their tactile systems they may do the opposite. They may withdraw from difficult to be comforted or from affection this is called tactile defensive.These responses are a result of a tactile misconception and can lead to other behavioral pro blems. (British Colombia Ministry of Education, 2000). line of work behaviors is a commonly shared by autistic children. This can be aggression toward oneself or others. This happens more often when the student is frustrated or in a situation that cause over stimulation or confusion, (Autism Society of North Carolina, 2009). This can cause major disturbances in a classroom setting if the student shows violence toward the teacher or their other classmates. Even if he child is not aggressive toward others, there is the worry of them hurting themselves by biting, scratching, and in more severe cases head banging. Teachers can help to control these situations by modeling the appropriate behavior and helping the students with the right way to handle stress and positive reinforcers, (Turnbull and Wehmeyer, 2009). Student with autism that are entering the schools system have many needs and all of these factors should be taken into consideration for the optimal success of any child with a disability in a general curriculum classroom.One important need for a student is their physical space and how it is cohesive to their comfort ability. The environment where a child with autism learns is extremely important because students on the spectrum have a hard time regulating their focus and attention especially in complex classroom settings, (Volkmar and Weisner, 2009). The nature of the environment of a childs classroom when faced with a disability can either help them progress or encumber their educational experience.It is important that the class be appealing for all of the students attending but equally as important that it not be distracting for a student with autism. Organization of the room is find out in getting the child to engage with his or her peers and to do this in a manner that is booming to them. There should be a special place for the student to remove themselves if needed that has a serene and calming meaning it should be free from hole and other things t hat could over stimulate. Obvious distractions such as computer screens should be kept out of eye sight so the focus can inhabit on the teacher.Predictability is also an important need to address with students with autism. A good way to address these needs is by having set routines where the student knows what to expect next. The teacher could use bells or timers to help the student know when to transition or to signal other daily reminders. Making transitions and moving from one exercise to another can be difficult and cause stress to the student which can be eased by incorporating simple techniques into the classroom which give the student a sense of security.Students with disabilities have a need for more one on one interaction in the classroom because they have hard time processing information as quickly as the other students. This need can be addressed by having a well trained para-professional that can help the student complete school work and other tasks assigned during the day. An aid can help the students to make the right decisions for positive behavior and can give overall assistance in areas of need. Positive reinforcement is greatly needed on a daily basis and can be very load-bearing(a) to student with a disability.Focusing on the students strengths are a great way to motivate and help them excel in other areas. Collaborating with families is a good way to see what kind of methods work at home and then try to incorporate them into the classroom. Encouraging the student to participate in all of the activities along with the rest of their classmates will show that you believe in them and expect the best from them. A huge need for children with autism is help with social interaction. It is not that they do not indispensability to make friend, it is that they do not possess the skills to know how.It is not an easy task to influence a child with autisms social development. Social settings can cause distress so they need to be handled correctly and it helps to limit their social experiences to shorter time limits so that the experience does not sustain unpleasant, (Powers, 2000). When children have a good relationship with their teacher they are shown to have better relationships with their peers, (Turnbull and Wehmeyer, 2009). Environmental stimuli have a large affect on the outcome that a student with autism has in the classroom.Teachers need to be aware of their responses to certain stimuli and learn what bothers the student and try to accommodate these needs whenever possible. Factors such as sound and lighting should be considered into the planning of the classroom and the configuration of the room. A need for extra time is a must for students with any type of disability. The teacher should always give the student extra time to complete assignments and class activities. The student may need extra time to process general information and request that you give them pertaining to instruction. trim time will allow them to p rocess the information more clearly.When children begin school especially primary grades after they have left preschool, they are faced with new challenges and expectations based on increased psychological and physical maturity, (Volkmar and Wiesmer, 2009). Students are provoked to work more independently and there is much more self directed learning occurring in the classroom. It is possible and is happening more frequently now that students with ASDS are functioning well in school with the help from all of the options available now. There are fully inclusive classes and programs that supply mainstream teaching along with special education services.When teachers make accommodations for students with autism it helps them to function on a more appropriate level. Students with autism can have a difficult time with various sounds and lights that they hear and see throughout the course of their school day. auricle plugs or noise cancelling headsets can be very beneficial in helping the m eliminate some of these disturbing factors, (Stokes, 2011). When students leave the classroom to go to eat or other activities they are introduced to sounds that they are not familiar with these components will help in these situations.Another great tool and accommodation for students are opthalmic or graphic schedules. These are good tools to let the students know what activity come when and in what sequential memory order they are to perform them in, (Powers, 2000). These schedules should be serene from left to right or top to bottom so they are not confusing to understand and have very clear graphics. Students with autism can become very involved in computers and it can give them a sense of calmness and really help to educate them on various subjects.Computers like visual charts give a clear and concise message for the activity being focused on. Computers can also be used as a recognise and a bonus for good behavior. If the children are exposed to computers at home it gives them a sense of familiarity at school. Another way that educators can accommodate their students is by collaborating with the special education teacher on tips and strategies on the best methods to implement in the classroom and positive reinforcers that can help the teacher help the child to put forth their best effort.Special education teachers can also spend time with the paraprofessional or the aid to help them in specific instruction on how to help the students on individual learning skill sets. A crisis plan is a tool that all teachers who have students with disabilities in their classrooms need on file. These are put into place in case a child has an emotional outburst or some other type of emergency during the day that would call for immediate assistance, (Stokes, 2011). This plan should cover everything from sensory issues to obsessive compulsive factors and how to address them in the best possible way.This plan should be collaboration between the parents, administrative s taff, the special education teacher, and the general classroom teacher. This plan could coincide with the IEP plan which addresses learning goals and outcomes. Both of these plans in conjunction with each other make a great tool for the teacher. Autism affects so many live today almost everyone has contact with or knows someone affected with this disability. Education and early intervention is the key to giving students with this disability the best opportunity for success.Understanding all of the characteristics for this disability can greatly help the educator to understand and meet the needs of their students and achieve success. all in all students deserve the right to an education in the most least restrictive environment with the best services available. If educators use their resources and work in collaboration with the families and other support systems their students will learn in a positive and stable environment.Reference Page Autism Society of North Carolina, (2011). Co mmon Characteristics of Children with Autism Disorders. British Colombia Ministry of Education. Special Programs Branch, (2000). Teaching Students With Autism A Resource Guide For Schools. Powers, M. D. (2000). Children With Autism, A Parents Guide. Second edition Stokes, S. , (2011). Interventions and Strategies for Success Turnbull, A. , Turnbull, R. and Wehmeyer, M. (2009). Exceptional Lives Special Education in Todays Schools. Sixth Edition Volkmar, F. and Wiesnar, L. (2009). A Practical Giude to Autism What every(prenominal) Parent, Family member, and Teacher Needs to Know.

Martin Luther King, Jr.: An Unfulfilled Dream Essay

Martin Luther male monarch, Jr. was an the Statesn clergyman and Nobel valuate w inner(a). He was 1 of the principal leaders of the American polite seriouss movement and an advocate of passive reject. His challenges to sequestration and racial disagreement in the 1950s and 1960s convinced many ovalbumin Americans to hurt the arrange of civil rights in the unify States. After his assassination in 1968, Martin Luther male monarch, Jr. became a symbol of protest in the struggle for racial justice. Martin Luther nance, Jr. was born on January 15, 1929 queer in Atlanta, Georgia to the Rev. Martin Luther King, elder and Alberta Williams King.His first name was listed on his birth records as Michael instead of Martin. App atomic number 18ntly, their family doctor thought that his fathers name was Michael who was known as Mike through discover his childhood. Later on his first name was changed to Martin. King attended elementary and high school at local segregated public scho ols, where he excel lead. He entered college at nearby Morehouse College at age 15 and in 1948 receive with a bachelors degree in sociology. He was ordained as Baptist minister at the age of 18. He graduated with honors from Crozer Theological Seminary in Pennsylvania in 1951.King overly went to Boston University where he earned a doctoral degree in systematic theology in 1955. Kings public-speaking abilities developed soft during his collegiate years. While in Morehouse College he won a second-place prize in a terminology contest although he received Cs in two public-speaking courses in his first year at Crozer. However, by the end of his third year at Crozer, professors were praising King for the powerful impression he made in public savoir-fairees and discussions. Later on, Kings public-speaking abilities became renowned during his involvement in the civil rights movement. Martin Luther King, Jr. was exposed to influences that related Christian theology to the struggles of o ppressed flocks during his education. His studies of the teachings of Indian leader Mohandas Gandhi influenced his place on nonviolent protests. He was overly influenced by the sermons of white Protestant ministers who preached against American racism. A very(prenominal) important person who shaped Kings theological development was Benjamin E. Mays who was the president of Morehouse College and who was similarly a leader in the case community of racially lib sequencel clergymen.While studying in Boston University, King met Coretta Scott who was a music student and native of Alabama. The two were married in 1953 and last would arouse four children. King accepted his first pastorate at the Dexter Avenue Baptist church service in Montgomery, Alabama in 1954. This church has a well-educated congregation and had recently been led by a minister who had protested against segregation. In 1955, while King was serving as a pastor in Montgomery, Alabama, the black community has a lon g-standing grievances about their maltreatment in city buses. The blacks ar often bullied and b atomic number 18ly allowed to sit at the back portion of the bus.In December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks, a leading constituent of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was arrested because of her refusal to give up her seat for a white passenger. This event led to the formation of Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) where King was chosen to be the president. Their companionship directed the bus boycott in Montgomery that lasted for more than a year. In February 1956, they filed a campaign in federal official court seeking an injunction against Montgomerys segregated seating pr practiseices. The federal court ordered the citys buses to be desegregated.The city government appealed the ruling to the United States despotic Court and by the time the Supreme Court upheld the lower court termination in November 1956, King was already a national figure. He wr ote a memoir of the bus boycott entitled pace Toward Freedom in 1958. His memoir provided a thoughtful account of that experience and further extended Kings national influence. The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) was founded with his help in 1957. The SCLC is an organization of black churches and ministers that aimed to challenge racial segregation.King became the SCLCs president and with early(a) SCLC leaders encouraged the use of nonviolent direct action to protest discrimination and segregation. Their activities included demonstrations, boycotts and marches. These activities provoked violent responses from just about whites that eventually obligate the federal government to confront the issues of racism and injustices in the South. King made alliances in the north and in 1960 went back to Atlanta and became a co-pastor to his father at the Ebenezer Baptist Church. King led SCLC in a series of protest campaigns in the early 1960s that gained national attention .In 1961, the first campaign was held in Albany, Georgia. SCLC fall in their local demonstrations against segregated restaurants, hotels, transit, and housing. However, this protest was non successful. In 1963, the SCLC joined a local protest in Birmingham, Alabama. Teenagers and school children were encouraged to join. The chief of constabulary, Eugene Connor, was angered and move police officers with attack dogs and ordered firefighters to aim hard-hitting water hoses against the marchers. The police attack on young protesters were shown in newspapers and on televisions around the world.King was arrested and sent to jail for creating disorder in the city. . He wrote a letter Letter from Birmingham Jail which argued that individuals had the honourable right and responsibility to disobey unjust laws. His letter was widely read at the time and has added to Kings standing as a moral leader. Because of the violence in the Birmingham protest, it brought about a national respons e that built the support for the struggle for black civil rights. The protests forced white leaders to end some forms of segregation in Birmingham.More importantly, the demonstrations gave courage to many Americans to support national legislation against segregation. On swaggering 28, 1963, King delivered his I Have a Dream speech which in part states I hand a intake that one day this nation lead rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal. I extradite a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the sum of their character. He delivered this speech during the 1963 March on Washington, a massive protest in Washington, D. C. , for jobs and civil rights. The speech and the march created the political momentum that resulted in the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This Act prohibited segregation in public accommodations, as well as discrimination in education and employment. King was awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize for mollification because of his effectiveness as a leader of the American civil rights movement and his highly visible moral stance. In 1965, SCLC joined a voting-rights protest march from Selma, Alabama, to the state capital of Montgomery.Just outside of Selma, police beat and tear-gassed the marchers. This day became known as Bloody Sunday. The Selma march created support for the Voting Rights Act of 1965. This act suspended the use of literacy tests and other voter qualification tests that often had been used to prevent blacks from registering to vote. electric chair Lyndon Johnson write the Voting Rights Act into law in August 1965. Later amendments to the act were banned. In 1968, King went to Memphis, Tennessee, to support striking black garbage workers. On April 4, a sniper in Memphis assassinated him.News of Kings assassination resulted to shock and anger throughout the nation and the world. In 1969, an escaped white convict named pack Earl Ray pleaded guilty to the murder of King. He was sentenced to 99 years in prison. Martin Luther Kings dream was to have equality and justice for all especially the black sight. Segregation and racial discrimination are the things that he fought for. But what is racism or racial discrimination? Where did it stem from? What has caused it? racialism refers to a whimsey that advocates discriminating against people based on an ascribed persist.It often includes the belief that people of a particular race has a particular aptitude and characteristics. Some people believed that races could be ranked or scaled. Others divide people into concourses based mainly on skin color. Racism is not the same as racial prejudice. Racism can also be referred to as a system of oppression. Institutional racism is based on the notions that one race is superior to other races. Organizations, institutions and other groups that practice racism usually discriminate or marginalize a certain class of people who share a public racial designation.The bulk or dominant group in a society commonly applied racism because it is the group that has the means to oppress others. Majority groups usually constitute a higher proportion of a addicted population. Minority group, on the other hand is a group of people who share a common ethnic, racial, or religious backgrounds. They usually constitute a comparatively small proportion of a given population. Most often, they have a few(prenominal)er rights and less power than majority groups. One of the reasons for having nonage group in a particular society is immigration.Based on history, racism has been an integral part of America. It started during the time of Americas colonization by the Europeans. During the colonization, African slaves and other Europeans (those who are serving indentured servitude) both served the European colonizers. A few Africans were given freedom and land gra nt and became landowners. In 1676, Nathaniel Bacon led a rising against the Governor of Virginia because of his exploitation of poorer colonists. Bacon died and the revolt died with him. However, what concerned the Governor and the rich landowners was the multi-racial support of Bacons rebellion.This lead to decision the only African slaves will be used. Furthermore, anti- miscegenation laws were passed on so that intermarriages amid European and other races were prevented. This change led to the long period of slavery in American society and the social respite along color lines soon be go into ingrained in colonial American culture. On January 1, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation that freed all slaves in the United States. scarcely slaveholding border states which is not still a part of the Union were exempted from this proclamation.Slavery was ended in the whole United States by virtue of the declaration of the 13th Amendment on December 18, 1865. However, discrimination against black and other minority groups continued. Proofs of discrimination are the existence of Jim Crow laws, the enactment of Minimum wages, educational disparities and segregations in schools, and the widespread criminal acts through with(p) by local and vigilante groups. The fight of Martin Luther King and his supporters, which has been mentioned in the early part of the research, led to the abolishment of segregation and the granting of voting rights to black.However, Kings dream of equality and non-prejudice and justice for everyone has not been fulfilled yet. at that place are still places in the United States where racial discrimination could still be observed. Hispanic people are of different racial and ethnic backgrounds. Latin Americans are often viewed as a large group in the Anglo-American society. They are called Latinos and are portrayed as passionate or violent people. The inflow of Hispanic immigrants, whether legal or illegal, ha s elicited anti-Latino sentiments especially in areas that have traditionally has no or had a very few Hispanic residents.On the other hand, places like California and Southern Florida where Hispanic Americans have long been present, racial tensions between Hispanics and non-Hispanics are sometimes visible, more often when Hispanics gain stinting and political clout. Due to the diversity of background of Hispanic people in the United States, racist policies also vary widely. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo granted American citizenship to Mexicans living in America after the Mexican War. The intermarriages of Anglo-Americans and Hispanics in the Southwest that produced mestizos are still socially excluded from whites of Northern European descent.Racism against Arab Americans is proportionately rising with the tensions between the American government and the Arab world. In 1973, weeks after the 1973 Arab-Israeli war, an Ivy League graduating class wore Arab dresses in racist mockery. During the 1991 gulf War and the Oklahoma City bombing and the Teheran embassy hostage crisis in 1979 racism against Arab Americans escalated. Discrimination and pagan violence against them profoundly increased after the September 11th terrorists attacks in the United States. In 2001, a Sikh man was killed in Phoenix, Arizona.It was a racially-motivated incident because the mans beard and turban was a reminder of Osama bin Laden. In Houston, Texas, an Indian American candidate for the Houston City Council lost to his opponent because of anti-Asian Indian campaign made by the supporter of his opponent. Although the allegation has been denied, the Indian American lost during the election. A few groups still openly advocate white supremacy in the United States. These groups include the Ku Klux Klan, the National Alliance, Indo-European Nations, and several smaller groups like the White Order of Thule.A number of small white supremacist groups have recently been started as a reaction to the influx of Somali and Hmong immigrants particularly in the Midwest. Some of these groups channelise teens. Some recording companies are distributing openly racist songs in popular teen hangouts. The changing racial make up of the United States population has caused the inclusion of other races in the equation. Presently, Latin Americans and Asian Americans are the fastest growing ethnic group in the United States. These groups have redefined the relationship between races.At least four states, namely, California, Texas, Hawaii and New Mexico including the District of Columbia are deemed to be majority minority states meaning whites are not the majority of the population. Several acts and proclamations have been enacted and declared by the former presidents of the United States to abolish racial segregation, discrimination and prejudice. It can be said that these acts and proclamations have paved the way for die lives and opportunities for non whites. America has come a long way from its slavery days during the colonial American era to the present.It can be said that a part of Kings dream, his dream for his children to be recognised not by the color of their skin but by the content of their characters, has been realized. This is shown in todays acceptance of the black population in the American society. African-Americans can be seen in the different sectors of the society. in that respect are now black doctors, lawyers, teachers, engineers and politicians. They enjoy both economic and political clout. The use of the terms niggers or negroes are considered politically incorrect. They enjoy all the benefits that a white American enjoys.Yet, the other part of Kings dream has not been fulfilled, that is, his dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal. America has yet to rise up and live out the meaning of its creed. Why has America not live up to its creed? When America opened its door not only to the Europeans and Africans but also to several other races, the result is a diversified American population in terms of value-system and cultural backgrounds. These differences contributed to the racial prejudice of the white Americans to non-whites.The long-ingrained social rift along color lines, which goes back to colonial American culture, has been deepened. Also, immigrants from other countries are easily intimidated by white Americans. They usually come from countries that were colonised by the United States. They have the mentality that white Americans are superior to them. They also normally come to America in search of greener pasture. These immigrants arrive in the United States with only limited amount of money. They are prey to abusive white Americans when their cash run out. The influx of immigration created more problems than benefits.The high immigration rates threatened Americas common culture and increased competition for jobs. Wages were lowered. Only employers profited while injuring labor, and especially harming those at the bottom of the job market. The increase in immigration also led to new issues. In the later part of the 20th century, issues arose about whether group identity challenged national identity. more Americans wanted to preserve a sense of national unity while respecting social diversity. They debated the pros and cons of bilingual education, the conflict of multiculturalism, and the merits of affirmative action policies in education and employment.The debate over affirmative action is likely to continue, in public and in the courts. Americans will have to balance individual rights against group rights, to consider problems that involve national identity versus group identity, to be both colorblind and race-conscious, and to foster unity while appreciating diversity. E pluribus unum (from many, one) thus remains a vital concept. The experience of the last decades of the century suggests that the pursuit of American idealsof liberty, equality, and democracyis a surgery that rests on conflict as well as consensus.Nature dictates that people agree and disagree with one another. If everybody agrees with everybody, life would be boring. There would be no ups and downs, no joys and sorrows. For now, Kings dream will remain unfulfilled. REFERENCES C. S. King, My Life with Martin Luther King, Jr. (1969) Robert J. Norrell, Martin Luther King, Jr. Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia stock 2004. Norman Dorsen and Jethro K. Lieberman, Civi Rights and Civil Liberties, Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia Standard 2004 David J. Garrow, Bearing the Cross Martin Luther King, Jr. , and the Southern ChristianLeadership Conference (1986) David L. Lewis, King A circumstantial Biography (1970). Bullock III, C. S. & Rodgers Jr. , H. R. (1976) Institutional Racism Prerequisites, Freezing, and Mapping. Phylon 37 (3), 212-223. Woolf, S. H. , Johnson, R. E. , Fryer Jr, G. E. , Rust, G. , & Satcher, D. (2004). TheHealth Impact of firmness of purpose Racial Disparities An Analysis of US Mortality Data. American Journal of Public Health, 94 (12), 2078-2081. Rosten, king of beasts (1968) The Joys of Yiddish Martin Luther King, Jr. I Have a Dream (1986 History Film) Racial liberalism era Zoot Suit Riots inner city

A Study of Consumer Perception of “Ready to Eat” Products Among Working Class Women

A Report on A Study Of Consumer Perception Of devise To fertilize Products Among works(a) Class Women In Erandwane Area In Pune City MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Introduction Ready to fertilize forage items has al define gained wide scope in western world and in recent years it gaining popularity in India. A busy lifestyle has made Indian women very hectic to hedge and expel gum olibanum ready to tucker stunned food items atomic material body 18 gaining wide interest. On account of this numerous firms argon beholding this, a golden opportunity. Companies like Haldiram, Nestle, and ITC be already running(a) in this area.In at onces scenario, confused came canned foods, frozen foods, and ready to organise and now the era of ready to eat food . Considering the sentence value for the work women and likewise aspect towards commercialisedise needs firms started manufacturing it. on that point are batchs, who are migrating to cities for antic and education and these people drive home find the Ready-to-eat products are comfortable to eat kind of than depending on restaurants. many of the dual income (both husband and wife are office goers) families want to spend oftentimes slight judgment of conviction on altering because of less availability of time.During weekends they want to spend time with their kids and let oning, whereas in weekdays the office continuance is large and these factors forced them to go for buying such products. Other factors influences this products is availability of various flavors and dishes. Consumers who are looking for various dishes and flavors now depend on these products. This products brings variety to their eatings and scrumptious too. There is no conclusion which one precedes-whether the availability or taste or time constraint, totally these factors complement individually other in driving these products.Ready to eat items are providing a boon for working women. Literature critique H ere are some facts drawn out by different espouse carried out by different agencies. * The CFA commissioned a consumer postdate to better understand consumers attitudes and cognitions of ready to eat foods to help claim those efforts. According to the trace, more(prenominal) than half of Indians disagree that ready to eat food is as nutritious a fresh and more than one-third disagree that ready to eat food is as nutritious as frozen.Ready to eat foods and Lower Sodium Are Compatible Only half of those surveyed recognize that ready to eat foods can be low in sodium, despite the multitude of no salt, low sodium and reduced sodium options available on grocery shelves. Thus conclusion can be drawn out from this that many people are with ready to cook food but some people are non so supportive. To find out where is real market for ready to cook food. * A survey conducted by the Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM) secretary general D. S. Rawat said th e consumer disbursal rate on cognitive processed food has increased at an average rate of 7. per cent annually from 2008 to 2010. And this is expected to travel at an average of around 8. 6 per cent until 2012. * In any commercial context, such as unused product development, positioning and marketing, to understand consumer perceptions and their needs is a fundamental application for food producers ( wagon train Kleef et al. , 2005, Oude Ophuis and Van Trijp, 1995). * The pack of consumer behaviour focuses on how individuals make decisions to spend their available resources (time, money, effort) on consumption-related items (Schiffman Kanuk,1997). contestation of Research A weigh of consumer perception of ready to eat products.Objective The look for paper was under taken with the following objectives. i. To area the effective use of time by the use of RTE products. ii. The advisedness of consumers towards ready-to-eat food iii. The factors prudent for buying RTE produ cts by working women. Research Methodology Research methodology is the procedures utilise in domineering observations or other than obtaining selective information, evidence, and information as a part of research project or airfield. selective information collection Theprocessused tocollectinformationand informationfor the use ofmakingbusinessdecisions. 1. firsthand Primary data is the first hand collection of data.In this translate we hold used Questionnaire as our creature for primary data collection. 2. Secondary Secondary data is the data which is already available and published somewhere. For this study we have used journals, Magazines, related websites. Type of research Descriptive Descriptive research includes surveys and fact-finding enquiries of different kinds. The major purpose of descriptive research is description of the state of affairs as it exists at place. So we are employ this method as there is no control over the variables we can single report what h as happened or what is happening.Sampling It is the statistical method of representative data or observations in a assort(lot, batch, population, etc. ) * Technique bare(a) Random Sampling * Sample Size 50 * Total population 50,000*(www. wikiprdia. org) grasp of research 1. The study was based on primary data collected from consume consumers by survey method. 2. The research is through with(p) in Erandwane area. 3. The tar raise up is for working women in this area. 4. Research location is in Pune city. Limitations 1. The sample may not totally represent the whole section of the population because of different backgrounds. . The reluctancy of the responses from the population. 3. Invalid information . 4. Being college student, we confront time constraint for data collection Significance 1. Awareness about(predicate) Ready-to-eat products. 2. acceptability of Ready-To-Eat products. 3. Openness of the market for new Ready-to-eat products. 4. marketing strategies for RTE pro ducts. 5. Influence of media in promoting RTE. 6. New growing industry. Analysis 1. suppurate Fig 1. get along with percentage Above fig shows that the upper limit number of women are from 30-40 age group and they elect RTE. 2. business lineFig 2. Occupation Percentage From the above graph, it is cleared that the maximum i. e. 52% women are salaried. 3. Income Fig 3. Income Percentage Maximum of the women are having income in between 20000-30000. 4. Awareness Fig. 4 Awareness about the RTE From the analysis it shows that, out of total population, 52% pick out RTE for meals, which is highest. 5. Time Constraint Fig. 3 Time constraints The above pie chart reveals that, the maximum number of women prefer RTE as they face time constraints in the kitchen. 6. buy perception Fig. 3 Buying PerceptionFrom the analysis, it concludes that more number of working women go for RTE because it is convenience. Following data interpretations were obtained- 1) 52. 27% women are salaried. 2) 8 0%women have income above 10,000-20,000. 3) around 100% women have working hour more than 9-10 hours. 4) 60% didnt get time to cook food themselves. 5) 80% people are aware of the Ready To Eat products. a) 25% or more, knows about the ready To Eat products. b) 36. 36% people prefer Ready To Eat items more than once. c) 34. 09% people prefer because it is very convenient to use. d) 20. 45% prefer because of the availability of products. ) 77. 27% think that ready To Eat products are not healthy. a) As it has preservatives, sometimes bad packaging, comes with expiry date, it is not fresh and also we get less variety. 7) 11. 36% consumes on daily basis. 8) 55% of population thinks it makes life easy. Conclusion As per our findings, Ready To Eat are on growing stage. 1. Ready To Eat companies should change their marketing strategies as people have the typical mindset that the Ready To Eat products are not healthy to consume. 2. In the aspect of Time, peck and Easy to make the Ready To Eat are proving to be good. . The analysis shows that nearly of the working women prefer Ready to Eat rather than cooking as it reduces their efforts. Bibliography 1. Goyal Anita and Singh,N. P. (2007), Consumer perception about Ready-to-eat in India anexploratory study,British fare Journal,Vol. 109, Iss. 2,p. 182-195. Information, 26 (9) 8-14. 2. Hirekencchanagoudar Renuka , 2008,Consumer Behaviour Towards Ready To Eat Food Products . housewives in Dharwad. MHSc. Thesis, Univ. Agric. Sci, Dharwad. 3. Jorin, R. , 1987, Consumer behaviour is changing and offering new opportunities.Berater- 4. Joshi, M. S. , 1993, Food purchase habits and consumer awareness of rural and urban 5. Kamalaveni, D. and Nirmala, 2000, Consumer behaviour in minute of arc food products. Ind. J. 6. Kamenidou, L. , Zimitra-Kalogianni, L. , Zotos, Y. and Mattas, K. , 2002, family unit purchasing and consumption behaviour towards processed peach products. New Medit,. 1 (1) 45-49. Mktg, 30 (5-7) 12-18. 7. Makatouni,Aikaterini (2002), What motivates consumers to buy thorough food in the UK? Results frm a qualitative study,British Food Journal,Vol. 104,Iss. 3/4/5,pp. 345-352. 8.Nichanj,Meena(2005),Urbanities in India dispute health,turn Ready-to-eaties,Knight ridder Tribune business news,Washington,pp. 1. Nayga, Rodolfo M. and Capps,Oral (1992)Determinants of Food Away from Home Consumption An Update, Agribusiness,Vol. 8,Iss. 6,pp. 549-559. 9. R. Meenambekai, P. Selvarajan, Consumer Attitudes toward Ready-To-Eat jammed Food Items (With finical Reference To Jaffna Divisional Secretariat Division). The Seventh International Research Conference on Management and finance (IRCMF 2012) 10. Ramasamy, K. , Kalaivanan, G. and Sukumar, S. , 2005, Consumer behaviour towards instant food products.Ind. J. Mktg. , 24 (2-3) 55-59. 11. Rana Muhammad Ayyub, Muhammad Bilal and Muhammad Rameez Akram, EXPLORING CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR REGARDING READY TO sap MEAT creep MEAT PRODUCT IN PAKISTAN,University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pkaistan. 12. Rees, A. M. , 1992, Factors influencing consumer choice. J. Soc. of Dairy Tech. , 45 (4) 112-116. 13. Sharma,Gaurav, (2011), A STUDY OF THE behavioral PATTERN OF CUSTOMERS FOR READY TO EAT FOOD ITEMS. Report, FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES NATIONAL rightfulness UNIVERSITY, JODHPUR 14. Srinivasan, N. and Elangovan, D. 2000, Consumer perception towards processed fruits and vegetable products. Ind. J. Mktg, 30 (11-12) 22-25. 15. T. Sarathy and Shilpa Gopal, Managing the Diffusion of innovation in Ready-To-Eat Food Products in India 16. Vijayabhaskar and Dr. N Sunderam, Market Study on Key Determinants Of Ready To Eat Products With Respect To Tier I Cities In southerly Area, International Journal Of Multidisciplinary Research Volume II Issue VI, June 2012, ISSN-2231 5780. 17. Erandwane-Pune. jpg Wikipedia, the guiltless encyclopedia www. en. wikipedia. org 18. www. google. com AbstractThe present investigation made an attempt to study the perception of consumers towards ready-to-eat food products by the working class women in Erandwane area in Pune city. A total sample of 50 respondents was selected for the study. Majority of the respondents were aware of RTE products. Also tv set works as major source for getting information about such products. The purpose of the study is to find out what are the responsible factors for consumption of such products in working class women. Their income level, time variable, product awareness are taken into consideration to arrive at the conclusion.The master(prenominal) aim for this study is to explore consumer perception for ready-to-eat products and the major forces determining such segment to grow and the succeeding(a) potential of the same. This research leave give us potential information about the working women predilection for such products. There is a tremendous change in the last ten years in our country of people consuming habits, working style. Other tha n convenience there are many recondite forces and upcoming forces. kind of than availability of western eatables products, our own products are come into packaged items for sales in this market. This study will throw some light onA Study of Consumer Perception of Ready to Eat Products Among operative Class WomenA Report on A Study Of Consumer Perception Of Ready To Eat Products Among Working Class Women In Erandwane Area In Pune City MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Introduction Ready to eat food items has already gained wide scope in western world and in recent years it gaining popularity in India. A busy lifestyle has made Indian women very hectic to cook and eat thus ready to eat food items are gaining wide interest. On account of this many firms are seeing this, a golden opportunity. Companies like Haldiram, Nestle, and ITC are already working in this area.In todays scenario, first came canned foods, frozen foods, and ready to cook and now the era of ready to eat food . Cons idering the time value for the working women and also looking towards market needs firms started manufacturing it. There are peoples, who are migrating to cities for job and education and these people have find the Ready-to-eat products are comfortable to eat rather than depending on restaurants. Most of the dual income (both husband and wife are office goers) families want to spend much less time on cooking because of less availability of time.During weekends they want to spend time with their kids and outing, whereas in weekdays the office duration is large and these factors forced them to go for buying such products. Other factors influences this products is availability of different flavors and dishes. Consumers who are looking for different dishes and flavors now depend on these products. This products brings variety to their eatings and palatable too. There is no conclusion which one precedes-whether the availability or taste or time constraint, all these factors complement ea ch other in driving these products.Ready to eat items are providing a boon for working women. Literature Review Here are some facts drawn out by different survey carried out by different agencies. * The CFA commissioned a consumer survey to better understand consumers attitudes and perceptions of ready to eat foods to help inform those efforts. According to the survey, more than half of Indians disagree that ready to eat food is as nutritious a fresh and more than one-third disagree that ready to eat food is as nutritious as frozen.Ready to eat foods and Lower Sodium Are Compatible Only half of those surveyed know that ready to eat foods can be low in sodium, despite the multitude of no salt, low sodium and reduced sodium options available on grocery shelves. Thus conclusion can be drawn out from this that many people are with ready to cook food but some people are not so supportive. To find out where is real market for ready to cook food. * A survey conducted by the Associated Cha mbers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM) secretary general D. S. Rawat said the consumer spending rate on processed food has increased at an average rate of 7. per cent annually from 2008 to 2010. And this is expected to rise at an average of around 8. 6 per cent until 2012. * In any commercial context, such as new product development, positioning and marketing, to understand consumer perceptions and their needs is a fundamental activity for food producers (Van Kleef et al. , 2005, Oude Ophuis and Van Trijp, 1995). * The study of consumer behaviour focuses on how individuals make decisions to spend their available resources (time, money, effort) on consumption-related items (Schiffman Kanuk,1997). Statement of Research A study of consumer perception of ready to eat products.Objective The research paper was under taken with the following objectives. i. To study the effective use of time by the use of RTE products. ii. The awareness of consumers towards ready-to-eat food ii i. The factors responsible for buying RTE products by working women. Research Methodology Research methodology is the procedures used in systematic observations or otherwise obtaining data, evidence, and information as a part of research project or study. Data collection Theprocessused tocollectinformationanddatafor the purpose ofmakingbusinessdecisions. 1. Primary Primary data is the first hand collection of data.In this study we have used Questionnaire as our instrument for primary data collection. 2. Secondary Secondary data is the data which is already available and published somewhere. For this study we have used journals, Magazines, related websites. Type of research Descriptive Descriptive research includes surveys and fact-finding enquiries of different kinds. The major purpose of descriptive research is description of the state of affairs as it exists at present. So we are using this method as there is no control over the variables we can only report what has happened or wh at is happening.Sampling It is the statistical method of representative data or observations in a group(lot, batch, population, etc. ) * Technique Simple Random Sampling * Sample Size 50 * Total population 50,000*(www. wikiprdia. org) Scope of research 1. The study was based on primary data collected from sample consumers by survey method. 2. The research is done in Erandwane area. 3. The target is for working women in this area. 4. Research location is in Pune city. Limitations 1. The sample may not totally represent the whole section of the population because of different backgrounds. . The reluctancy of the responses from the population. 3. Invalid information . 4. Being college student, we faced time constraint for data collection Significance 1. Awareness about Ready-to-eat products. 2. Acceptability of Ready-To-Eat products. 3. Openness of the market for new Ready-to-eat products. 4. Marketing strategies for RTE products. 5. Influence of media in promoting RTE. 6. New growi ng industry. Analysis 1. Age Fig 1. Age Percentage Above fig shows that the maximum number of women are from 30-40 age group and they prefer RTE. 2. OccupationFig 2. Occupation Percentage From the above graph, it is cleared that the maximum i. e. 52% women are salaried. 3. Income Fig 3. Income Percentage Maximum of the women are having income in between 20000-30000. 4. Awareness Fig. 4 Awareness about the RTE From the analysis it shows that, out of total population, 52% prefer RTE for meals, which is highest. 5. Time Constraint Fig. 3 Time constraints The above pie chart reveals that, the maximum number of women prefer RTE as they face time constraints in the kitchen. 6. Buying perception Fig. 3 Buying PerceptionFrom the analysis, it concludes that more number of working women go for RTE because it is convenience. Following data interpretations were obtained- 1) 52. 27% women are salaried. 2) 80%women have income above 10,000-20,000. 3) Almost 100% women have working hour more than 9-10 hours. 4) 60% didnt get time to cook food themselves. 5) 80% people are aware of the Ready To Eat products. a) 25% or more, knows about the ready To Eat products. b) 36. 36% people prefer Ready To Eat items more than once. c) 34. 09% people prefer because it is very convenient to use. d) 20. 45% prefer because of the availability of products. ) 77. 27% think that ready To Eat products are not healthy. a) As it has preservatives, sometimes bad packaging, comes with expiry date, it is not fresh and also we get less variety. 7) 11. 36% consumes on daily basis. 8) 55% of population thinks it makes life easy. Conclusion As per our findings, Ready To Eat are on growing stage. 1. Ready To Eat companies should change their marketing strategies as people have the typical mindset that the Ready To Eat products are not healthy to consume. 2. In the aspect of Time, Taste and Easy to make the Ready To Eat are proving to be good. . The analysis shows that most of the working women prefer Re ady to Eat rather than cooking as it reduces their efforts. Bibliography 1. Goyal Anita and Singh,N. P. (2007), Consumer perception about Ready-to-eat in India anexploratory study,British Food Journal,Vol. 109, Iss. 2,p. 182-195. Information, 26 (9) 8-14. 2. Hirekencchanagoudar Renuka , 2008,Consumer Behaviour Towards Ready To Eat Food Products . housewives in Dharwad. MHSc. Thesis, Univ. Agric. Sci, Dharwad. 3. Jorin, R. , 1987, Consumer behaviour is changing and offering new opportunities.Berater- 4. Joshi, M. S. , 1993, Food purchase habits and consumer awareness of rural and urban 5. Kamalaveni, D. and Nirmala, 2000, Consumer behaviour in instant food products. Ind. J. 6. Kamenidou, L. , Zimitra-Kalogianni, L. , Zotos, Y. and Mattas, K. , 2002, Household purchasing and consumption behaviour towards processed peach products. New Medit,. 1 (1) 45-49. Mktg, 30 (5-7) 12-18. 7. Makatouni,Aikaterini (2002), What motivates consumers to buy organic food in the UK? Results frm a qualit ative study,British Food Journal,Vol. 104,Iss. 3/4/5,pp. 345-352. 8.Nichanj,Meena(2005),Urbanities in India junk health,turn Ready-to-eaties,Knight ridder Tribune business news,Washington,pp. 1. Nayga, Rodolfo M. and Capps,Oral (1992)Determinants of Food Away from Home Consumption An Update, Agribusiness,Vol. 8,Iss. 6,pp. 549-559. 9. R. Meenambekai, P. Selvarajan, Consumer Attitudes toward Ready-To-Eat Packed Food Items (With Special Reference To Jaffna Divisional Secretariat Division). The Seventh International Research Conference on Management and Finance (IRCMF 2012) 10. Ramasamy, K. , Kalaivanan, G. and Sukumar, S. , 2005, Consumer behaviour towards instant food products.Ind. J. Mktg. , 24 (2-3) 55-59. 11. Rana Muhammad Ayyub, Muhammad Bilal and Muhammad Rameez Akram, EXPLORING CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR REGARDING READY TO EAT MEAT QUAIL MEAT PRODUCT IN PAKISTAN,University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pkaistan. 12. Rees, A. M. , 1992, Factors influencing consumer choice. J. Soc. of Dairy Tech. , 45 (4) 112-116. 13. Sharma,Gaurav, (2011), A STUDY OF THE BEHAVIOURAL PATTERN OF CUSTOMERS FOR READY TO EAT FOOD ITEMS. Report, FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY, JODHPUR 14. Srinivasan, N. and Elangovan, D. 2000, Consumer perception towards processed fruits and vegetable products. Ind. J. Mktg, 30 (11-12) 22-25. 15. T. Sarathy and Shilpa Gopal, Managing the Diffusion of innovation in Ready-To-Eat Food Products in India 16. Vijayabhaskar and Dr. N Sunderam, Market Study on Key Determinants Of Ready To Eat Products With Respect To Tier I Cities In Southern Area, International Journal Of Multidisciplinary Research Volume II Issue VI, June 2012, ISSN-2231 5780. 17. Erandwane-Pune. jpg Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia www. en. wikipedia. org 18. www. google. com AbstractThe present investigation made an attempt to study the perception of consumers towards ready-to-eat food products by the working class women in Erandwane area in Pune city. A total sample of 50 respondents was selected for the study. Majority of the respondents were aware of RTE products. Also television works as major source for getting information about such products. The purpose of the study is to find out what are the responsible factors for consumption of such products in working class women. Their income level, time variable, product awareness are taken into consideration to arrive at the conclusion.The main aim for this study is to explore consumer perception for ready-to-eat products and the major forces determining such segment to grow and the future potential of the same. This research will give us potential information about the working women preference for such products. There is a tremendous change in the last ten years in our country of people consuming habits, working style. Other than convenience there are many hidden forces and upcoming forces. Rather than availability of western eatables products, our own products are come into package d items for sales in this market. This study will throw some light on